基于能源消耗角度的中国原铝生产碳排放分析  

Carbon emission analysis of primary aluminum production in China based on energy consumption

作　　者：李青坡 彭建平 刘行建 王耀武 狄跃忠 Li Qingpo;Peng Jianping;Liu Xingjian;Wang Yaowu;Di Yuezhong(School of Metallurgy,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110000,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学冶金学院,沈阳110000

出　　处：《环境工程》2025年第1期21-30,共10页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22078056)。

摘　　要：原铝生产碳排放约占全社会碳排放量5%左右,对国家“双碳”目标意义重大。为探索原铝生产碳排放来源,基于能源消耗角度设计了一种原铝生产碳排放核算新算法,选取区域、基准线、全国3种电网排放因子,对2012—2021年我国原铝生产碳排放进行核算,寻找制约原铝生产的关键因素。结果表明:2012—2021年,我国原铝生产碳排放总体呈上升趋势,但增速放缓,原铝生产减排效果明显。以基准线电网排放因子计算为例:1)2012年,我国原铝生产吨铝碳排放为18.14 t/t, 2021年为12.48 t/t,下降31.21%。2)从占比上看,在我国原铝生产碳排放始终是以电力消耗碳排放为主导。2021年,近90%的原铝生产碳排放均来自于自备电力及网电消耗。3)原铝产量、自备电力占比、原铝综合交流电耗及全国单位火电发电量碳排放4个因素是制约原铝生产碳排放的关键因素。向南方等低碳排放因子地区转移电解铝产业对减排有较大推动作用。同时应尽快更新区域电网排放因子,准确反映各区域能源消费结构,为制定相关政策引导原铝生产减排提供参考。China is the world's largest producer of primary aluminum. The carbon emissions from the production of primary aluminum account for about 5% of the total carbon emissions in society, which is of great significance to China's "dual carbon" goal. To explore the sources of carbon emissions from primary aluminum production, a new algorithm for calculating carbon emissions from primary aluminum production was designed from the perspective of energy consumption. Three different grid emission factors, namely regional, baseline, and national, were selected to account for carbon emissions from primary aluminum production in China from 2012 to 2021, and to identify key factors that constrain primary aluminum production. The results showed that from 2012 to 2021, the carbon emissions from China's primary aluminum production showed an overall upward trend, but the growth rate was slowing down, and the emission reduction effect of primary aluminum production was significant. Taking the baseline grid emission factor calculation as an example, 1) in 2012, the carbon emissions per ton of primary aluminum produced in China were 18.14 t/t. In 2021, the carbon emissions per ton of primary aluminum production in China were 12.48 t/t, with a decrease of 31.21%. 2) in terms of proportion, carbon emissions from primary aluminum production in China have always been dominated by electricity consumption. In 2021, nearly 90% of carbon emissions from primary aluminum production came from self-owned electricity and grid power consumption. 3) the four key factors that constrain the carbon emissions of primary aluminum production are the production of primary aluminum, the proportion of self-owned electricity, the comprehensive AC power consumption of primary aluminum, and the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of thermal power generation in China. In 2012, the carbon emissions per ton of aluminum in various regions of China were 15.67 t/t to 16.82 t/t, which decreased to 10.09 t/t to 11.09 t/t in 2021. The southern China has the lowest carbon

关 键 词：碳排放 能源消耗 原铝 排放因子 自备电力 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F426.32[经济管理—产业经济]