胜利油田废水处理站污泥及其周边水体苯基甲基硅氧烷的时空分布与生物富集  

Spatio-temporal distribution and bioconcentration of phenylmethylsiloxanes in sludge from Shengli Oilfield wastewater treatment station and its surrounding waters

作　　者：田友梁 刘楠楠 赵静 项小玲 徐琳 蔡亚岐[1,2,6] TIAN Youliang;LIU Nannan;ZHAO Jing;XIANG Xiaoling;XU Lin;CAI Yaqi(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100085,China;School of Environment,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,UCAS,Hangzhou,310024,China;School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin,300384,China;Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing,100029,China;Institute of Environment and Health,Jianghan University,Wuhan,430056,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学杭州高等研究院,杭州310024 [3]天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院,天津300384 [4]生态环境部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心,北京100029 [5]江汉大学环境与健康研究院,武汉430056 [6]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境化学》2025年第2期485-495,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22122611,22036007)资助.

摘　　要：近年来,聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚苯基甲基硅氧烷常作为乳化剂和消泡剂广泛应用于原油生产中.本研究考察了胜利油田区域甲基和苯基甲基硅氧烷的环境分布特征.首先于2015—2020年对油田废水处理站污泥样品进行持续监测,发现了环形甲基硅氧烷(D4、D5、D6)及6种苯基甲基硅氧烷异构体(cis-P3、trans-P3、cis-P4、trans-P4a、trans-P4b、trans-P4c),其中环形甲基硅氧烷总浓度(ΣcVMS,D4—D6)为6.21—228μg·g^(-1) dw(干重),苯基甲基硅氧烷总浓度(Σ(P4+P3))为58.0—1.54×10^(3) ng·g^(-1) dw.总体上,两类硅氧烷的浓度逐年增长,且苯基甲基硅氧烷浓度水平低于环形甲基硅氧烷.结合其他文献可知,原油开采不但能带来较为严重的甲基硅氧烷污染,同时苯基甲基硅氧烷也有明显排放.另外,在油田周围23个湖泊和河流的沉积物中同样发现了两类硅氧烷,其中总浓度范围分别为:151—1.87×10^(3) ng·g^(-1) dw和318—1.13×10^(3) ng·g^(-1) dw,其总硅氧烷平均浓度比对照区域的浓度高2.33倍,以上情况说明原油开采过程中苯基甲基硅氧烷存在环境外溢现象.本研究进一步在淡水贻贝中发现两类硅氧烷,其中环形甲基硅氧烷总浓度为472—4.84×10^(3) ng·g^(-1) dw,苯基甲基硅氧烷总浓度为451—2.14×10^(3) ng·g^(-1) dw,且6种苯基甲基硅氧烷的平均生物-沉积物积累因子(2.13—3.18)比母体甲基硅氧烷大1.02—1.40倍,说明苯基甲基硅氧烷在沉积物中的持久性和在淡水贻贝中的生物累积性更强,其环境分布和生态风险值得关注.以上工作证实了油田开采过程可导致甲基和苯基甲基硅氧烷的环境排放及后续带来一定的生态风险.In recent years,polydimethylsiloxane and polyphenylmethylsiloxane have been widely used as emulsifiers and defoamers in crude oil production.Firstly,continuous monitoring in sludge samples from oilfield wastewater treatment plants from 2015 to 2020 revealed cyclic methyl siloxanes(D4,D5,D6)and six phenylmethylsiloxane isomers(cis-P3,trans-P3,cis-P4,trans-P4a,trans-P4b,and trans-P4c),with the concentrations of total cyclic methyl siloxanes(ΣcVMS,D4—D6)and phenylmethylsiloxanes(Σ(P3+P4))being 6.21—228μg·g^(-1) dw and 58.0—1.54×10^(3) ng·g^(-1) dw,respectively.Overall,the concentrations of both two types of siloxanes have increased over the years,and the concentrations of phenylmethylsiloxanes were lower than those of cVMS.Refer to other literature,it can be seen that crude oil extraction can result not only in more serious methyl siloxane pollution,but also in significant emissions of phenyl methyl siloxanes.In addition,two types of siloxanes were also found in the sediments of 23 lakes and rivers around the oilfield,in which the total concentration ranged from 151—1.87×10^(3) ng·g^(-1) dw and 318—1.13×10^(3) ng·g^(-1) dw,respectively.The average concentration of total siloxanes was 2.33 times higher than that in the control area,indicating environmental overflow of phenyl methyl siloxanes during crude oil exploration process.Two types of siloxanes were further found in freshwater mussels,with total concentrations of cyclic methylsiloxanes ranging from 472—4.84×10^(3) ng·g^(-1) dw and total concentrations of phenylmethylsiloxanes ranging from 451—2.14×10^(3) ng·g^(-1) dw,and the average bio-sediment accumulation factors of the 6 phenylmethylsiloxanes(2.13—3.18)were 1.02—1.40 times greater than those of methylsiloxanes,indicating that phenylmethylsiloxanes are more persistent in sediment and bioaccumulative in freshwater mussels,and their environmental distribution and ecological risk are of concern.The above work confirms that the oilfield extraction process can lead to the release o

关 键 词：苯基甲基硅氧烷 采油污泥 沉积物 生物富集 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]