大数据视域下清代流人及其作品的空间分布  

Spatial Distribution of Exiled Individuals and Their Worksin the Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Big Data

作　　者：朱春洁 王兆鹏[2] ZHU Chun-jie;WANG Zhao-peng(School of Literature,Guangxi University,Nanning530004,Guangxi,China;School of Literature and Journalism,South-Central Minzu University,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学文学院,广西南宁530004 [2]中南民族大学文学与新闻传播学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第2期153-162,187,共11页Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“清代流人文学编年与数字地图平台建设”(22CZW031);广西壮族自治区重大人才项目即第一批“八桂青年拔尖人才”培养项目(ZX02110232124001);广西大学首届“学术新人奖”资助项目。

摘　　要：统计得出,清代共1822人次实名人员遭流放,其中文人440人次,他们的分布影响着文学的创作。从大数据分析可知,在籍贯上,流人以江浙为中心,向周围递减;文人的分布与之大同小异,由此形成以江浙为核心的流放作品圈,催生大规模的江南记忆书写,并与安徽、山东共筑成流人家族创作片区。在流放区域上,西北流人数量居首,集于清中后期;东北三省次之,聚于前中期;文人分布与之相似,只是官员在西北流放文人中的比重凸显,所以他们更致力于地方志创作,并多慷慨豪迈之诗;而东北三省文人数量高于西北,因此流放作品集于前中期的东北、中后期的西北。在对接与移动上,流人籍贯与戍地存在互补关系,文人则凸显“浙江盛京、吉林”“江苏新疆”的对接。因此,江南文人在戍前诗风相近,戍后却因地域不同而迥异;而流放地由“早期东北中后期西北”的移动,亦带动作品的集中时段与风格特点之转变。清代流人以其空间转换和文学书写,折射出政治史、文学史乃至心灵史上的多维转向。Statistics show that a total of 1,822 individuals were exiled during the Qing Dynasty,among which 440 were literati.Their distribution influenced literary creation.Big data analysis reveals that the exiled individuals were primarily centered in Jiangsu and Zhejiang,with a decreasing distribution outward;the distribution of literati is similar,forming a circle of exiled works centered around Jiangsu and Zhejiang,which led to a large-scale writing of memories of the Jiangnan region and,together with Anhui and Shandong,created a creative area for exiled families.In terms of the regions of exile,the Northwest had the highest number of exiles,particularly in the mid to late Qing period;the three northeastern provinces followed,concentrated in the early to mid-Qing period.The distribution of literati is similar,but the proportion of officials among the exiled literati in the Northwest is prominent,leading them to focus more on local chronicles and to write more generous and bold poetry.In contrast,the number of literati in the northeastern provinces exceeds that in the Northwest,resulting in a concentration of exiled works in the early period in the Northeast and in the mid to late period in the Northwest.Regarding connections and movements,there is a complementary relationship between the native places of the exiles and their places of garrison.The literati highlight connections such as“Zhejiang to Shengjing and Jilin”and“Jiangsu to Xinjiang”.Consequently,the poetic style of Jiangnan literati is similar before their exile but differs significantly afterward due to regional variations.Additionally,the movement from“early Northeast to mid to late Northwest”also drives changes in the concentration periods and stylistic characteristics of the works.The spatial transitions and literary writings of exiled individuals in the Qing Dynasty reflect a multidimensional shift in political history,literary history,and even the history of the soul.

关 键 词：大数据 清代 流人 空间分布 

分 类 号：I206.49[文学—中国文学]