生物菌剂在有色冶金污染治理中的研究进展  

Research progress in treatment of nonferrous metallurgical pollution by biological agents

作　　者：李佳芮 郑亚楠 祁过劲 吴恒 邢志林[3] LI Jiarui;ZHENG Yanan;QI Guojin;WU Heng;XING Zhilin(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]重庆理工大学化学化工学院,重庆400054

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2025年第1期52-60,共9页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：重庆市教委技术研究项目(KJQN202201131)。

摘　　要：有色冶金工业废弃物排放量持续增长,面临愈发严峻的环保挑战。传统物理化学治理技术虽有效,但成本较高。生物菌剂技术因其清洁可持续、低成本的优势,在有色冶金污染治理领域受到关注,应用于土壤修复和废水处理,但是对其应用进展缺乏综述。通过文献计量分析,发现近20年生物菌剂技术研究热度逐年攀升,特别是华东、西北和东北地区。应用方面,代表性策略为构建菌株-植株共生体系、菌藻共生体系,辅以多孔载体固定化手段。机制方面,明确了微生物主要通过细胞壁吸附、胞内积累和胞外沉淀吸附重金属。未来发展,针对该技术受菌属种类、温度、pH值因素干扰,应加强新型菌剂研发与中试应用测试、优化复合菌剂设计策略、开发新型载体材料;针对应用机制研究不够深入全面,应耦合代谢组学、转录组学、同位素标记深入研究基因调节机制。文章系统性综述菌剂技术在有色冶金污染治理中研究热度、应用现状以及微生物机制,为该技术的改进以及实际应用提供了理论参考。The discharge of waste from the non-ferrous metallurgical industry continues to grow,posing increasingly severe environmental challenges.Traditional physicochemical treatment technologies,while effective,are associated with high costs.Biological agent technology has garnered attention in the field of non-ferrous metallurgical pollution treatment due to its advantages of cleanliness,sustainability,and low cost.It has been applied in soil remediation and wastewater treatment,yet a comprehensive review of its application progress is lacking.Through bibliometric analysis,it is found that research interest in biological agent technology has been climbing annually over the past two decades,especially in East China,Northwest China,and Northeast China.In terms of application,representative strategies include constructing strain-plant symbiotic systems and algae-bacteria symbiotic systems,supplemented by immobilization methods using porous carriers.Mechanistically,it has been clarified that microorganisms primarily adsorb heavy metals through cell wall adsorption,intracellular accumulation,and extracellular precipitation.In the future,in response to the interference of bacterial species,temperature,and pH values on this technology,efforts should be intensified in the research and development of novel biological agents,pilot-scale application testing,optimization of composite agent design strategies,and the development of new carrier materials.Additionally,given the inadequate and incomplete research on application mechanisms,it is advisable to couple metabolomics,transcriptomics,and isotope labeling to delve deeper into gene regulation mechanisms.This article systematically reviews the research hotspot,application status,and microbial mechanisms of biological agent technology in the treatment of non-ferrous metallurgical pollution,providing a theoretical reference for the improvement and practical application of this technology.

关 键 词：有色冶金 重金属排放物 除重金属 生物菌剂 土壤修复 废水处理 

分 类 号：X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]