碳热还原法增强废旧锂离子电池中有价金属的浸出效果  

Carbon thermal reduction method enhances the leaching of valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries

作　　者：黄魁 江雨鑫 黄嘉妮 魏琳 李梓玮 蓝红艳 韦晓丹 HUANG Kui;JIANG Yuxin;HUANG Jiani;WEI Lin;LI Ziwei;LAN Hongyan;WEI Xiaodan(School of Resources,Environment and Materials,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection(Guangxi University),Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学资源环境与材料学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西高校环境保护重点实验室,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2025年第1期61-68,共8页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：广西自然科学基金资助项目“废锂离子电池电极材料的热解机理及钴的提取”(2018GXNSFAA281261);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目“还原焙烧-分步浸出回收废旧三元锂电池中有价值金属的研究”(202310593043)。

摘　　要：本文以废旧锂离子正极材料为研究对象,采用碳热还原-浸出的方法提取其中有价金属,从金属价态变化、浸出活化能、浸出率等方面进行分析。结果表明,最佳焙烧条件为焙烧温度650℃、焙烧时间2.0 h、碳添加量10 wt%;最佳浸出条件为3 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)、浸出温度60℃、固液比100 g/L、反应时间90 min,此时Li、Ni、Co、Mn的浸出率最高分别可达93.10%、98.91%、99.34%、99.26%。采用未反应收缩核模型对浸出动力学数据进行拟合,Ni、Co、Mn的活化能分别为40.09 kJ/mol、41.04 kJ/mol、14.30 kJ/mol。相较于传统酸浸方法,碳热还原可增强Ni、Co、Mn的浸出,浸出率均有大幅增加,浸出活化能更低,更易于废旧锂离子电池中有价金属的浸出。The carbon thermal reduction-leaching method was proposed to extract valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries,and the change of metal valence,leaching activation energy and leaching rate were systematically investigated.The results showed the best roasting conditions as below,roasting temperature 650 ℃,roasting time 2.0 h and carbon addition amount 10 wt%.And the optimal leaching conditions were 3 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4),leaching temperature 60 ℃,solid-liquid ratio 100 g/L and reaction time 90 min.The leaching rates of Li,Ni,Co and Mn were up to 93.10%,98.91%,99.34% and 99.26%.The activation energies of Ni,Co and Mn were 40.09 kJ/mol,41.04 kJ/mol and 14.30 kJ/mol,respectively.Compared with the traditional acid leaching method,carbothermal reduction greatly enhances the leaching rate of Ni,Co and Mn with the reduced leaching activation energy,making it easier to leach valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries.

关 键 词：废旧锂离子电池 碳热还原 硫酸 浸出 动力学 

分 类 号：TF803[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]