多气象条件下寒地公路隧道火灾烟气蔓延规律研究  

Study on the Spread Law of Fire Smoke in Cold-region Highway Tunnels Under Various Meteorological Conditions

作　　者：高航 孙世梅[1,2] GAO Hang;SUN Shimei(School of Emergency Science and Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun Jilin 130118,China;Institute of Accident Prevention Science,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun Jilin 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林建筑大学应急科学与工程学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林建筑大学事故预防科学研究院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《安全》2025年第2期15-22,共8页Safety & Security

摘　　要：为系统分析寒地公路隧道在多气象条件下的火灾烟气蔓延规律,选取我国东北地区的泉太隧道作为研究对象,通过建立数值模型,模拟不同初始温度和湿度条件下的火灾场景,并采用火灾动力学软件FDS进行计算。计算结果表明:初始温度对火灾烟气蔓延有显著影响,高温环境下燃烧反应加剧,导致烟气温度迅速上升并向隧道内部快速扩散;湿度对烟气蔓延的影响呈现复杂的双重效应,高湿度在火灾初期对CO等有毒气体的生成有一定的抑制作用,但随着火灾的持续,高湿度条件下的烟气温度和CO含量上升更为显著。研究结论可为寒地隧道的火灾防控提供科学依据,建议优化隧道的通风系统设计,合理布局疏散通道,并加强应急演练以应对不同气象条件下的火灾风险。In order to systematically analyze the spread law of fire smoke in highway tunnels of the cold region under various meteorological conditions,the Quantai Tunnel in Northeast China was taken as the study object.A numerical model was established to simulate fire scenarios under different initial temperature and humidity conditions using the Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS).The results show that the initial temperature significantly influences the fore smoke spread,with high-temperature environments intensifying combustion reactions,leading to the rapid temperature rise and quick diffusion of the fire smoke within the tunnel;and that the effect of the humidity on the smoke spread exhibits a complex dual effect,i.e.,high humidity initially inhibits the generation of toxic gases like CO,but as the fire persists,the smoke temperature and CO concentration increase more significantly under high humidity conditions.The conclusions provide scientific evidence for the fire prevention and control in cold-region tunnels.It is recommended to optimize designs of the tunnel ventilation system,rationally layout evacuation passages,and enhance emergency drills to address fire risks under various meteorological conditions.

关 键 词：隧道火灾 烟气蔓延 寒地隧道 气象条件 火灾防控 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] U459.2[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]