2010—2021年黄河流域生态系统格局变化及影响因素  

Ecosystem pattern changes and influencing factors in the Yellow River basin from 2010 to 2021

作　　者：李昊 梁书涵 LI Hao;LIANG Shuhan(China South-to-North Water Diversion Corporation Eco-environmental Protection Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]中国南水北调集团生态环保有限公司,北京100097

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技(中英文)》2024年第S2期83-91,共9页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

摘　　要：基于2010年、2015年和2021年三期土地利用类型数据,对黄河流域生态系统格局分布特征、11年来格局时空演变特征及影响因素进行分析,结果表明:2010年以来,黄河流域生态系统格局变化趋于稳定,林地、湿地恢复明显,草地等自然生态系统从数量变化转向质量提升阶段,部分区域发生了大量林草转化现象,生态环境呈现持续向好的趋势。而在各种因素影响下黄河流域的生态环境依然脆弱,在部分重点生态区仍存在生态退化问题,流域基础生态用地轻微减少,森林覆盖率仍低于全国平均水平,在气候变化影响下,黄河源冰川积雪呈持续退缩态势。The Yellow River basin spanned several natural zones,such as the Qinghai-Tibet alpine region,the arid and semi-arid region in the northwest,and the humid and semi-humid region in North China.The ecosystem had distinctive characteristics,and there were obvious regional differences in the quantitative structure and spatial distribution,Based on the land use type data of the three periods in 2010,2015 and 2021,the distribution characteristics of the ecosystem pattern in the Yellow River basin.The spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of the pattern in the past 1l years in the Yellow River basin were analyzed.The results showed that since 2010,the ecosystem pattern in the Yellow River basin has been stable,the forest land and wetland have been significantly restored,and the natural ecosystems such as grassland have changed from quantity to quality.A large amount of forest and grass conversion has occurred in some regions,and the ecological environment has shown a continuous trend of improvement.However,under the influence of various factors,the ecological environment of the Yellow River basin was still fragile,and there were still ecological degradation problems in some key ecological areas.The basic ecological land in the basin was slightly reduced,and the forest coverage was stil lower than the national average Under the influence of climate change,the ice and snow covered in the source of the Yellow River was continuing to shrink.The Yellow River basin was located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.The vertical connectivity of the river was poor,but the overall habitat quality was good.The amount of grassland and wetland transferred into the ecosystem types was more,the development trend is towards increasing scale,and the types of farmland land are significantly reduced.

关 键 词：黄河流域 生态系统 空间格局 转换率 时空演变特征 

分 类 号：TV212.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]