基于图神经网络的基坑内支撑布置自动化设计与适配性分析  

Automated design and adaptability analysis of struts in foundation pits based on graph neural networks

作　　者：舒展 秦亚洲 SHU Zhan;QIN Yazhou(School of Mechanics and Engineering Science,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学力学与工程科学学院,上海200444

出　　处：《上海大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期171-181,共11页Journal of Shanghai University:Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：软土基坑需内支撑设计,而目前内支撑设计大多通过设计人员手动完成,自动化程度较低.在计算机智能化技术的推动下,通过智能化设计可辅助提高该过程的效率.为实现自动化设计方法在基坑内支撑中的初步应用,提出了一种基于图神经网络(graph neural network,GNN)的基坑内支撑自动化设计方法.首先,建立了能合理表征梁柱拓扑连接关系的图表示方法与4类内支撑典型布置的数据集;随后,通过该数据集对图神经网络进行训练,选取3种图神经网络模型学习柱间连接的特征,以实现柱间梁连接的链路预测;最后,对某一拟建于上海的二级基坑进行梁连接链的自动识别,并且通过有限元分析验证了该方法的适配性.研究结果表明,结合图神经网络的基坑内支撑自动化设计可以提供合理且高效的基坑内支撑布置,同时满足设计与施工的规范要求.The design of struts in soft soil foundation pits is predominantly manually performed,resulting in a low level of automation.With the rapid development of computing technology,intelligent design methods have been employed to improve the efficiency of this process.To facilitate the basic implementation of automated design methods for strut layouts,an automated design approach based on graph neural networks(GNNs)was proposed.First,a graph-based representation method was established to accurately depict the beam-column topological connections.Four datasets comprising four typical strut arrangements were established.Subsequently,the GNN was trained using the aforementioned datasets.Three GNN models,including the characteristics of the connections between columns,were selected to enable link prediction of the beams between columns.Finally,the proposed method was applied to automatically generate beam structures for a secondary foundation pit planned in Shanghai.Finite element analysis was performed to validate the compatibility of the proposed methods.The results showed that the GNN-based automated design of strut layouts in foundation pits can provide rational and efficient arrangements that satisfy the regulatory design and construction requirements.

关 键 词：图神经网络 内支撑 图表示 自动化设计 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TU28[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]