2014—2023年重庆市北碚区水痘流行病学特征分析及疫苗接种保护效果评价  

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella from 2014 to 2023 and effectiveness of varicella vaccine in the Beibei District of Chongqing

作　　者：黎玲燕 袁海艳[1] 谭婷婷 陈节 杨毅 LI Lingyan;Yuan Haiyan;TAN Tingting;CHEN Jie;YANG Yi(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beibei District,Chongqing 400700,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市北碚区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400700

出　　处：《中国校医》2024年第12期881-883,888,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的 了解重庆市北碚区水痘发病流行特征和水痘减毒活疫苗(VarV)的接种现况,分析疫苗保护效果(VE),为北碚区制订科学有效的水痘防控措施提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集北碚区2014—2023年水痘报告发病信息,通过重庆市免疫规划信息管理系统获取2017—2023年1~14岁儿童水痘减毒活疫苗(VarV)接种数据,描述性分析水痘流行病学特征,运用筛查法分析疫苗保护效果(VE)。结果 2014—2023年重庆市北碚区水痘报告发病率呈先上升后下降趋势,水痘报告发病率2019年后骤降(P<0.05);报告发病高峰为5—6月和10—12月;高发病率人群自2021年起从5~9岁儿童向10~14岁儿童转移;2剂次VarV接种量自2019年起大幅增加。2017—2023年1~14岁儿童第1剂次VarV接种率为43.51%~79.42%,第2剂次VarV接种率为5.41%~33.56%,接种覆盖率均呈逐年增长的趋势(P<0.05)。1剂次VarV接种的平均VE为62.6%(95%CI:60.3%~64.8%),2剂次VarV接种的平均VE为86.3%(95%CI:83.1%~88.8%)。结论 实施2剂次VarV接种程序后,水痘报告发病率先上升后下降,水痘发病率上升的趋势得到有效控制,发病年龄结构改变;2剂次接种高于1剂次接种的VE。建议继续加强适龄儿童2剂次VarV接种。Objective This study investigated the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and the status of vaccination in the Beibei District of Chongqing,and analyzed vaccine effectiveness(VE),to provide a scientific basis for varicella prevention and control.Methods Reported cases of varicella in the Beibei District of Chongqing from 2014 to 2023 were collected from the China disease prevention and control information system.VarV vaccination data for children 1-14 years of age were collected from the Chongqing Immunization Information Management System.We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of varicella through descriptive epidemiological methods and estimated varicella VE through a screening method.Results Varicella incidence increased from 2014 to 2019,then sharply decreased after 2019(P<0.05).Varicella cases peaked in incidence in May to June,and November to December.Most cases were in students 5-9 years old,but the demographics shifted to primarily students 10-14 years old after 2021.The second dose of VarV administration substantially increased.From 2017 to 2023,the one-dose and two-dose VarV vaccination rates were 43.51%-79.42%and 5.41%-33.56%,respectively,and showed a rising trend(P<0.05).The average VE was 62.6%(95%CI:60.3%-64.8%)in the one-dose vaccination group and 86.3%(95%CI:83.1%-88.8%)in the two-dose vaccination group.Conclusions After adjustment of the varicella vaccination program to a two-dose regimen,the rise in varicella incidence was effectively controlled,and the age distribution changed.VE levels were greater with two-dose rather than one-dose VarV.Routine two-dose VarV vaccination efforts should be strengthened among age-eligible children.

关 键 词：水痘发病 流行特征 疫苗接种 保护效果 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]