我国战略性矿产资源管理制度梳理及政策建议  

Research on China’s strategic mineral resource management system and policy suggestions

作　　者：刘雨晨 苗琦 孟刚 林博磊 陈敏 曲俊利 LIU Yuchen;MIAO Qi;MENG Gang;LIN Bolei;CHEN Min;QU Junli(Strategic Research Center of Oil and Gas Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100860,China;Information Center of Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100036,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部油气资源战略研究中心,北京100860 [2]自然资源部信息中心,北京100036

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第2期20-28,共9页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：自然资源部二级项目“矿产资源储量统计质量监控”资助(编号:2024KCZYCLTJ)。

摘　　要：新中国成立以来,我国战略性矿产资源管理研究经历从无到有、从整体粗放式到系统精细化,随着新时代国家发展需要,其关键地位上升至国家安全高度。2024年新修订的《矿产资源法》明确了建立战略性矿产资源特殊保护制度的有关要求。为推动战略性矿产资源管理高质量开展,本文回顾了国家战略性矿产资源管理历史,重点梳理了改革开放以来的矿政管理宏观政策和法律法规、战略性矿产内涵及目录管理、保护性开采的特定矿种管理等制度建设情况,并从矿业权管理、勘查开采监督管理、储量管理、产业管理及环境保护政策五个方面入手,对现行战略性矿产资源管理制度进行汇总和分析。基于战略性矿产资源供需形势,结合矿产资源储量管理实践,认为当前战略性矿产资源管理存在若干问题和难点:(1)战略性矿产与非战略性矿产差异化管理需求凸显;(2)全产业链综合管理水平有待继续提升;(3)资源储量动态管理制度有待完善;(4)低品位共伴生关键矿产家底需进一步夯实。立足国家矿产资源安全保障需要,提出应统筹矿产勘查开发全过程,在国家管理层面健全战略性矿产资源管理制度体系、完善战略性矿产资源储量动态管理机制、夯实资源保护和储备机制、强化战略性矿产资源管理技术支撑等政策建议。Since the founding of New China,the strategic mineral resource management has developed from absence to existence,and from overall rough to systematically refined.With the needs of national development in the new era,the status of strategic mineral resource management has risen to the level of national security.Meanwhile,the newly revised the Mineral Resources Law of 2024 has clarified the relevant requirements for establishment of specific protection system for strategic mineral resources.In order to promote the quality of China’s strategic mineral resource management,this paper reviews the history,analyzing the current situation,focusing on the macro policies,laws and regulations on strategic mineral resource management since the reform and opening up,the connotation and list of strategic minerals,and the protective exploitation management of selected minerals.The current regulations on strategic mineral resource management are summarized from five aspects,namely,the management of mining rights,the supervision and management of exploration and exploitation,the reserves management,the industrial management and environmental protection policy of strategic mineral resources.Based on the supply and demand situation of strategic mineral resources,combined with the practice of mineral resources reserve management,it is believed that there are several problems and difficulties in the management of strategic mineral resources,namely:①the differentiation between strategic and non-strategic mineral management is not remarkable;②the comprehensive management level of the whole industry chain should be promoted;③the dynamic management of resource reserves needs to be further improved;④the resources and reserves of low-grade co-associated strategic min-erals should be consolidated.To ensure the security of national mineral resources,it is proposed to coordinate the entire process of mineral exploration and development,to improve the strategic mineral resource management system at the national management level,to pe

关 键 词：战略性矿产资源 政策法规 《矿产资源法》 储量管理 动态监管 低品位共伴生矿产 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程] F407.1[经济管理—产业经济]