中国铷铯资源类型、分布、矿床成因、富集规律及分离提取技术研究进展  

Research progress on the types,distribution,genesis,enrichment regulation,separation and extraction techniques of rubidium and cesium resources in China

作　　者：李峥岩 侯殿保[2] 常宏[1] 贺茂勇[1,3] 程原原 饶辉辉 刘志康 罗家馨 郭钧桦 周江迪 张晓琳 LI Zhengyan;HOU Dianbao;CHANG Hong;HE Maoyong;CHENG Yuanyuan;RAO Huihui;LIU Zhikang;LUO Jiaxin;GUO Junhua;ZHOU Jiangdi;ZHANG Xiaolin(State Key Laboratory of Loess Science,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710061,China;Key Laboratory of Green High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources,Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resource Exploration and Research in Chaidamu Basin,Qinghai Qaidam Comprehensive Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute,Geermu 816099,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;School of Earth Science and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;College of Mining Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土科学全国重点实验室,陕西西安710061 [2]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所盐湖资源绿色高值利用重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]青海省柴达木综合地质矿产勘查院青海省柴达木盆地盐湖资源勘探研究重点实验室,青海格尔木816099 [4]西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安710127 [5]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安710054 [6]太原理工大学矿业工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第2期265-283,共19页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：陕西省杰出青年基金项目资助(编号:2022JC-16);青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室开放课题项目资助(编号:2024-KFKT-A01)。

摘　　要：随着科技革命的进行,各国对于战略性新兴产业的扶持力度逐渐加大。铷和铯作为关键战略金属资源,在新兴技术领域的优势也逐渐显露,被称为稀有金属中的“绝代双骄”。中国铷铯资源类型多、禀赋好,是推动新兴技术产业转型极为重要的后备资源。本文聚焦于中国铷铯资源整体格局,通过对铷铯资源的赋存形态、地理位置、矿床成因、富集规律及分离提取技术进行分析,总结其资源类型、分布、物源、成矿模式,以及铷铯元素的分离提取、分析测试和铷同位素的应用。研究结果表明,我国铷铯矿床分布较为广泛,主要集中在各大断裂带及次级断裂带周围,形成了沿地质构造呈条带状分布的铷铯矿床成矿区。同时,通过分析不同位置铷铯矿床的成矿过程,明确铷铯矿床成矿元素的来源均与岩浆的高度分异和热液活动密切相关。目前铷铯元素的分离提取与分析测试技术已经相对成熟,并且在科技革命的推动下不断创新,而铷同位素对岩浆热液及流体活动的高敏感性使其在未来的科技发展格局中会发挥越来越重要的作用。With the progress of the technological revolution,the support for strategic emerging industries is increasing sharply around the world.Rubidium and cesium,as some of the key strategic metal resources,have gradually shown their advantages in emerging technology fields,and gradually well-known as the“Legendary Siblings”of rare metals.There are many types of rubidium and cesium resources in China,with good endowments,which are extremely important reserve resources for promoting the transformation of emerging Chinese technology industries.This paper focuses on the overall pattern of rubidium and cesium resources in China.By analyzing the occurrence forms,geographical locations,ore deposit genesis,enrichment regulation,and separation and extraction techniques of rubidium and cesium resources,summarized the resource types,distribution,provenance,mineralization models,separation,extraction and analysis and testing of rubidium and cesium elements,and application of rubidium isotopes.The research results indicate that there are numerous types of rubidium and cesium deposits in China,which are widely distributed and mainly concentrated around major and secondary fault zones,forming a banded distribution of rubidium and cesium deposits along geological structures.Meanwhile,by analyzing the mineralization process of rubidium and cesium deposits at different locations,genesis of these deposits is closely related to the high differentiation of magma and hydrothermal activity.At present,the separation,extraction,analysis and testing technology of rubidium and cesium elements has become relatively mature,and is constantly innovating under the promotion of technological revolution.The high sensitivity of rubidium isotopes to magmatic hydrothermal and fluid activities will make them play an increasingly important role in the future development pattern of technology.

关 键 词：铷铯资源 稀有金属 成矿规律 成矿模式 分离提取 地球化学 铷同位素 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程] P621[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]