中国铷资源分布情况、勘查开发进展与建议  

Distribution,new prospecting and utilization of rubidium resources in China and suggestions

作　　者：贺昕宇 胡龙华 林博磊 张金良[3] 刘麦[5] 李斯 王学明 李高[3] 马欢 HE Xinyu;HU Longhua;LIN Bolei;ZHANG Jinliang;LIU Mai;LI Si;WANG Xueming;LI Gao;MA Huan(School of Earthquake Science,Institute of Disaster Prevention,Sanhe 065201,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Sanhe 065201,China;China Non-Ferrous Metals Resource Geological Survey,Beijing 100012,China;Information Center of Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100036,China;China Non-Ferrous Metals Industry Association,Beijing 100814,China)

机构地区：[1]防灾科技学院地球科学学院,河北三河065201 [2]河北省地震动力学重点实验室,河北三河065201 [3]有色金属矿产地质调查中心,北京100012 [4]自然资源部信息中心,北京100036 [5]中国有色金属工业协会,北京100814

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第2期284-296,共13页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：河北省地震动力学重点实验室开放基金项目资助(编号:FZ246101);中国地质调查局地质调查项目“全国海陆矿产资源图件编制更新”资助(编号:DD20221696,DD20190368);国务院国有资产监督管理委员会项目资助(编号:295031001000210001)。

摘　　要：铷是重要的战略性新兴产业金属,在全球关键矿产竞争与对抗加剧的背景下,摸清铷资源家底,助力国家发展战略性新兴产业显得尤为迫切。通过对已有资料,以及最新数据的梳理、分析,发现全球铷资源主要集中在中国、纳米比亚、津巴布韦、加拿大等国,中国探明的铷资源储量逐年上升,江西、内蒙古、新疆、广东、湖南五省(区)占全国Rb_(2)O储量的近97%,其中江西占比达68%,资源集中度进一步提升。近年来,中国在阿尔泰、西昆仑、东秦岭、南岭、青藏高原等地相继发现了新的铷矿床,或者在老矿山的基础上新发现了铷的矿化信息,取得了铷找矿突破,形成了别也萨麻斯、阿克塔斯、笔架山、白龙山、石门、天堂山、嘎日阿统等一批新的大型战略性矿产资源基地。目前,国内独立铷矿的开发已经启动,技术上对硬岩型、盐湖卤水型铷矿资源地经济利用也取得一定突破,但铷产业仍面临着一些问题和挑战:(1)铷矿产虽然资源丰富,但面临硬岩型铷矿品位较低、盐湖卤水型铷矿伴生杂质多的难题,开发利用难度大、生产成本较高;(2)铷矿缺乏专有的勘查规范,不同矿床类型也需要对应的技术标准,需要将铷供应安全给予新的战略定位;(3)中国铷资源外采率过高,虽然在铷矿勘查及行业集中度上优势较为显著,但在当前资源外交发力、资源民族主义抬头的背景下,供应链存在风险;(4)国内外铷市场份额有限,增长乏力,铷资源供过于求,生产、储运特殊性又推高企业成本。针对上述问题,提出如下建议:(1)在资源开发利用领域加强科技攻关、降本增效、推动新技术的工业化落地,合理开发高品位铷矿、战略管控低品位铷矿;(2)从国家政策层面为铷在未来新兴产业中的地位给予支持,完善铷矿勘查规范,细分到不同类型铷矿,科学指导资源评价工作;(3)加大国内锂云母、铯榴石及富铷Rubidium is a kind of important metal used in strategic emerging industry.Considering intensified global competition for critical minerals,it is urgent to assess rubidium resource in China in order to facilitate developing strategic emerging industries.By reviewing and analyzing existing information and the latest data,it is found that global rubidium resources are mainly occured in China,Namibia,Zimbabwe and Canada.The proven reserves of rubidium resources in China have increased annually.Jiangxi,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Guangdong and Hunan accounting for nearly 97%of the total Rb_(2)O reserves,with Jiangxi alone accounting for 68%,resulting in further enhancing of concentration of resources.In recent years,new rubidium deposits have been discovered or new mineralization information of rubidium has been found in old mines in the Altay,West Kunlun,East Qinling,Nanling and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China,which contributed to achieving breakthroughs in rubidium prospecting and establishment of a number of new large strategic mineral resource bases such as the Bieyemas,Aketasi,Bijiashan,Bailongshan,Shimen,Tiantangshan and Gariatong.Currently,mining of the independent rubidium deposit in China has been initiated,and some technological breakthroughs have been made in economic exploitation of hard rock and brine-type rubidium deposit.However,the rubidium industry still faces some problems and challenges:①although rubidium resources in China are abundant,disadvantages of low grades of hard rock rubidium ores as well as high impurities in rubidium-riched brine exist,resulting in difficult utilization and uneconomical production.②There is a lack of specific exploration regulations for rubidium deposits,of which different types require corresponding technical standards,and it is necessary to redefine the position of security of rubidium supply.③In situation of decoupling and chain breaking of mineral resources and rising resource nationalism,high dependency on foreign rubidium resources may lead to risks in the supply

关 键 词：铷矿资源 分布特征 勘查开发 关键矿产 资源安全 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程] F407.1[经济管理—产业经济] F416.1