中国萤石资源形势分析及开发利用现状研究  

Analysis of the situation of fluorite resources in China and research on the current status of development and utilization

作　　者：张必欣 李政 陈从喜 吴初国 高宇 崔荣国 仇巍巍 葛振华 吴琪 王楠 肖宇评 ZHANG Bixin;LI Zheng;CHEN Congxi;WU Chuguo;GAO Yu;CUI Rongguo;QIU Weiwei;GE Zhenhua;WU Qi;WANG Nan;XIAO Yuping(Information Center of Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100036,China;Technology Innovation Center for Territorial&Spatial Big Data,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100830,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部信息中心,北京100036 [2]自然资源部国土空间大数据工程技术创新中心,北京100830

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第2期306-313,共8页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目课题“全球战略性矿产大数据平台和预警与决策支持技术”资助(编号:2021YFC2901801);自然资源部部门项目“自然资源综合统计、形势分析和安全预警”资助(编号:12110100000021009);自然资源部部门项目“全国矿业权统计分析”资助(编号:121101000000180044)。

摘　　要：萤石是重要的战略性矿产资源,在建材、氟化工、新能源、新材料、军工、医药、芯片等领域作为关键原料被广泛应用。在全球各国对萤石的重视及需求程度不断提高,供需矛盾愈发突出的时代背景下,对中国萤石资源形势和开发利用现状进行深入研究尤为重要。本文通过梳理2016年以来萤石相关统计数据,分析了全球和中国萤石资源储量变化、产量及消费量、中国萤石进出口量、地质勘查投入及矿业权设置、开发利用现状等情况,得出以下结论。全球萤石资源分布高度集中,储量主要集中于墨西哥、中国、南非、蒙古国等四国,中国萤石储量居全球第二位,产量、消费量居全球第一位;中国近几年萤石平均储采比仅为9.75 a,远低于世界平均水平,资源安全保障不容乐观;2018年以来,中国萤石由净出口转为净进口,进口近九成来自蒙古国;萤石地质勘查投入呈上升趋势,但中央财政投入逐年减少;矿业权数量下降后保持平稳,探采比偏低,不足0.5;集约化程度仍有不足,产能利用率不足40%。建议应进一步加强萤石勘查投入尤其是中央财政资金;推动资源整合,淘汰落后产能,提高产能利用率,实现集约化规模化开发利用;鼓励企业“走出去”充分利用国外萤石资源;提高综合利用能力,重视磷矿中的伴生氟资源开发利用。Fluorite is a crucial strategic mineral resource,widely used as a key raw material in industries such as construction materials,fluorine chemical industry,new energy,new materials,military,medicine,and semiconductors.Against the backdrop of increasing global attention and demand for fluorite,and the increasingly prominent supply-demand contradiction,it is particularly important to conduct an in-depth study on the situation and current status of development and utilization of fluorite resources in China.By reviewing relevant statistical data since 2016,this paper analyzes changes in global and Chinese fluorite resource reserves,production and consumption,China’s fluorite import and export volumes,geological exploration investments,mining rights setup,and current development status,leading to the following conclusions.Global fluorite resources are highly concentrated,with reserves primarily located in Mexico,China,South Africa,and Mongolia.China ranks second in global fluorite reserves and first in production and consumption.However,China’s average reserve-to-production ratio in recent years is only 9.75 years,significantly lower than the global average,indicating a concerning situation for resource security.Since 2018,China has shifted from a net exporter to a net importer of fluorite,with nearly 90%of imports coming from Mongolia.While geological exploration investments have shown an upward trend,central government funding has decreased year by year.The number of mining rights has stabilized after a decline,with the exploration-to-mining ratio remaining low,below 0.5.The level of intensification is still insufficient,with a capacity utilization rate of less than 40%.It is recommended that more efforts should be made to increase the investment in fluorite exploration,especially the central financial funds;to promote the integration of resources,eliminate backward production capacities,improve the capacity utilization rate,and achieve intensive and large-scale development and utilization;to encourage enterprise

关 键 词：萤石 战略性矿产 资源形势 开发利用 供需格局 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程] F407.1[经济管理—产业经济]