全球铜矿资源分布特征、勘查开发格局与展望  

Distribution characteristics and exploration&development pattern of global copper resources and its prospect

作　　者：陈秀法[1] 何学洲[1] 张振芳[1] 陈喜峰[1] 李玉龙[1] CHEN Xiufa;HE Xuezhou;ZHANG Zhenfang;CHEN Xifeng;LI Yulong(Development Research Center of China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第2期314-323,共10页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“战略性矿产资源政策与投资环境评价”资助(编号:DD20211404);深地国家科技重大专项项目“战略性矿产资源综合评价”资助(编号:2024ZD1002000);国家留学基金项目资助。

摘　　要：铜矿因优异的性能被广泛应用,是各国争夺的重要战略性矿产。全球铜矿资源非常丰富但分布不均衡,储量集中在少数资源大国,产量则被主要铜矿公司掌控。中国铜矿储量和产量居全球前列,消费量居世界首位,产量远不能满足国内需求。确保铜矿的稳定供应对传统工业和战略性新兴产业安全至关重要。本文聚焦全球铜矿资源,研究其分布特征与勘查开发格局,以期为中国铜矿资源勘查开发国际合作提供指导。研究结果表明:(1)全球铜矿储量主要集中于智利、秘鲁等21个国家,储量全球占比超90%。(2)南美洲和智利分别是大型-超大型铜矿最多的大洲和国家;亚洲和中国分别是铜矿勘查开发程度最高的大洲和国家。(3)近年来铜矿勘查投资震荡上行,由主要资源国和大型矿业公司主导;全球铜矿勘查热点国家集中在南北美洲和大洋洲;全球铜矿勘查净增量1000万t以上的国家有12个。(4)铜矿产量集中度高,80%以上产量集中在11个国家,50%以上产量来自20个铜矿公司。(5)南美洲是铜矿的输出中心,亚洲是进口中心和消费中心。(6)近年来铜矿并购活跃,且集中在加拿大和澳大利亚等国家。(7)中资企业在全球铜矿资源勘查开发中占有较为重要的地位,但与铜矿巨头有较大差距。未来铜矿需求将稳步增长,铜矿勘查开发潜力巨大,全球铜矿供应长期有保障。为确保我国铜矿资源长期安全稳定供应,建议分区施策,加快境外铜矿勘查开发;政企结合,加大中资铜矿企业的国际化培育力度。Copper is a crucial strategic mineral for many countries due to its exceptional properties and widespread use.Despite the abundance of copper resources worldwide,they are distributed unevenly,with reserves concentrated in only a few resource-rich countries and production dominated by major copper mining companies.China possesses some of the highest copper reserves and production levels in the world,and its consumption is the largest globally.However,its production falls significantly short of meeting domestic demand.The security of both traditional industries and emerging strategic sectors requires a stable supply of copper.This paper gathers information on global copper resources,analyzes their distribution characteristics and exploration and development patterns,and suggests guidelines for international cooperation of copper’s exploration development.The study shows that:①the global copper reserves are mainly concentrated in 21 countries,such as Chile and Peru,accounting for more than 90%of the global reserves.②South America and Chile are the continents and countries with the most large-scale and super-large copper mines.Asia and China are the continents and countries with the highest degree of copper exploration and development.③The investment in copper exploration fluctuates up,with major resource countries and large mining companies dominating it.The global hotspots for copper exploration are concentrated in North and South America,as well as Oceania.Global copper reserve and resources has increased by 10 million tons in 12 countries.④There is a high concentration of copper production,with over 80%being concentrated in 11 countries and over 50%being produced by 20 companies.⑤Copper mine exportation is concentrated in South America,with Asia being the center of import and consumption.⑥Copper mine mergers and acquisitions have been active lately,with Canada and Australia being the main countries.⑦Chinese companies play a significant role in the exploration and development of global copper resou

关 键 词：战略性矿产 铜矿资源 分布特征 勘查开发 勘查投资 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程] F407.1[经济管理—产业经济] F416.1