全球铯矿资源特点和开发利用研究  

Research on the characteristics and development utilization of global cesium mineral resources

作　　者：温鹏飞 朱清 邹谢华 王高尚 任军平[1,4] 张津伟 邢凯 WEN Pengfei;ZHU Qing;ZOU Xiehua;WANG Gaoshang;REN Junping;ZHANG Jinwei;XING Kai(International Mining Research Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100083,China;China Mining News,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Tianjin Centre,China Geological Survey,Tianjin 300170,China;Sinomine Resource Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100086,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局国际矿业研究中心,北京100083 [2]中国矿业报社,北京100083 [3]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037 [4]中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心,天津300170 [5]中矿资源集团股份有限公司,北京100086 [6]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第2期438-448,共11页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目“战略性矿产资源市场调查评价”资助(编号:DD20230567);中国地质调查局地质调查项目“战略性矿产资源市场跟踪与矿业大数据分析”资助(编号:DD20211403);中国地质调查局地质调查项目“全球矿业大数据挖掘集成与智能决策服务平台建设”资助(编号:DD20201118)。

摘　　要：铯是国家科技、军事、工业等领域不可缺少的重要原材料之一,在战略性新兴产业发展中发挥重要作用,被美国、日本、加拿大等国列入关键矿产清单,日益受到全球各国重视。随着全球战略性新兴产业的蓬勃发展,铯资源的应用领域进一步拓展,供应和需求将快速增长,铯供应链竞争将日益加剧。为全面了解全球铯资源特点,剖析铯资源开发利用态势,为铯资源开发可持续发展提供基础性认识,本文系统梳理了全球铯资源的分布概况及特征、典型铯矿床及地质特征、主要选冶技术、用途、供需形势和生产消费等情况,分析了国内铯矿资源开发利用面临的突出问题,并就保障中国铯资源供应安全提出建议。总体来看,全球铯资源具有储量少、分布不均衡、产能高度集中和供需分离等特点,伟晶岩型铯矿主要分布在澳大利亚、加拿大、纳米比亚和中国等国。中国铯矿资源相对稀缺,具有矿床类型多、分布广、多为伴生矿床等特点,开发利用难度较大。目前全球可规模化开采的铯榴石资源主要集中在加拿大坦科矿区、津巴布韦比基塔矿区及澳大利亚辛克莱矿区,供应高度集中。全球铯生产商基本以销定产,供需基本持平,近年来产量呈现井喷式增长。发达国家是全球铯的主要消费国,主要应用于高科技领域,中国在铯的高端应用领域与发达国家仍有差距。中国铯资源几乎全部进口于加拿大和津巴布韦等国,下游应用规模较小制约了上游矿产资源规模化开发,国际地缘形势日趋复杂背景下,面临较大供应风险。建议加强国内铯资源勘查开发,扩大资源储量,适度储备优质铯资源,加强低品位铯矿开发利用研究,支持企业参与国际矿业合作,保障战略性新兴产业可持续发展。Cesium is one of the indispensable and important raw materials in the fields of national science and technology,military and industry,and plays an important role in the development of strategic emerging industries.It has been included in the list of key minerals by the United States,Japan,Canada and other countries,and is increasingly being emphasized by countries around the world.With the booming development of global strategic emerging industries,the application fields of cesium resources will be further expanded,the supply and demand will grow rapidly,and the competition in the cesium supply chain will intensify.In order to comprehensively understand the characteristics of global cesium resources,analyze the development and utilization situation of cesium resources,and provide a basic understanding of the sustainable development of cesium resources,this paper systematically combs through the distribution of global cesium resources,typical cesium deposits and their geological characteristics,main metallurgical technology,uses,supply and demand situation and production and consumption,analyzes the outstanding problems faced by the domestic cesium resources development and utilization and makes suggestions on guaranteeing the supply security of China’s cesium resources.It also puts forward suggestions for securing the supply of cesium resources in China.In general,global cesium resources are characterized by small reserves,uneven distribution,highly concentrated production capacity,and separation of supply and demand,etc.Pegmatitic cesium mines are mainly distributed in Australia,Canada,Namibia and China.China’s cesium ore resources are relatively scarce,characterized by many types of deposits,wide distribution,mostly associated deposits,etc.,which makes it difficult to develop and utilize.At present,global pollucite resources that can be mined on a large scale are mainly concentrated in the Tanco Mine in Canada,the Bikita Mine in Zimbabwe and the Sinclair Mine in Australia,with a highly concentrated supply.G

关 键 词：铯资源 铯榴石 关键矿产 供需格局 产业链 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程] F416.1[经济管理—产业经济]