全球铬矿资源特征、供需形势及企业竞争分析  

Characteristics,supply-demand situation and enterprise competition of global chromium ore resource

作　　者：王修 刘冲昊 王安建[1,2] WANG Xiu;LIU Chonghao;WANG Anjian(Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Research Center for Strategy of Global Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Science,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037 [2]中国地质科学院全球矿产资源战略研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第2期449-457,共9页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：科技部第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目资助(编号:2021QZKK0305);国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目“数字经济时代的资源环境管理理论与应用”资助(编号:72088101);国家重点研发计划项目课题“全球战略性矿产大数据平台和预警与决策支持技术”资助(编号:2021YFC2901801)。

摘　　要：铬是一种重要的基础性矿产资源,主要用于不锈钢生产,已先后被美国、欧盟、日本、俄罗斯等国家或组织列入关键矿产名录。明确全球铬矿资源特征、供需形势及企业竞争等情况,对全球铬矿行业可持续发展和我国铬资源相关政策制定、涉矿企业海外投资具有积极意义。基于2014—2023年铬矿相关历史数据,采用数据统计及部门预测等方法对近十年全球铬矿资源特征、供需形势及企业竞争进行了梳理分析。全球铬矿床主要有层状和豆荚状两种类型,且铬矿资源全球分布高度不均,主要集中在哈萨克斯坦、南非和土耳其等国。南非近十年铬矿产量占全球总产量稳定在45%左右,是全球铬矿第一生产大国。我国近十年铬矿消费量增长94.9%,是全球第一消费大国,但自身资源禀赋极差,铬矿消费严重依赖进口,主要进口来源国为南非,进口集中度偏高。通过部门预测法预测2025年、2030年和2035年全球铬矿需求量分别为3904.0万t、4310.2万t和4530.1万t,未来全球铬矿需求保持强劲,且需求主要来自中国和印度。当前,全球铬矿资源竞争激烈,已初步形成以欧亚资源、嘉能可等矿业公司为主的寡头垄断局面,我国铬矿海外投资体量偏小,在全球铬矿市场竞争中处于劣势。为满足未来国内铬矿需求,我国应以不同方式加大在资源条件较好的南非和哈萨克斯坦的铬矿项目投资。Chromium is an important foundational mineral resource,primarily used in the production of stainless steel,and has been successively included in the critical mineral lists of countries or organizations such as the United States,the European Union,Japan,and Russia.Clarifying the characteristics of global chromium ore resources,the supply-demand situation,and enterprise competition has positive significance for the sustainable development of the global chromium ore industry and the formulation of relevant policies and overseas investment of mining enterprises in China.Based on historical data related to chromium ore from 2014 to 2023,statistical data and departmental forecasts are used to analyze the characteristics of global chromium ore resources,supply-demand situation,and enterprise competition over the past decade.There are mainly two types of chromium ore deposits:stratiform and podiform,and chromium ore resources are highly unevenly distributed globally,mainly concentrated in countries such as Kazakhstan,South Africa,and Turkey.South Africa’s chromium ore production has accounted for about 45%of the global total over the past decade,making it the world’s largest producer of chromium ore.China’s chromium ore consumption increased by 94.9%over the past decade,making it the world’s largest consumer,but its own resource endowment is extremely poor,and chromium ore consumption heavily relies on imports,mainly from South Africa,with a high concentration of imports.Departmental forecast methods predict that the global demand for chromium ore in 2025,2030,and 2035 will be 39.04 million tons,43.10 million tons,and 45.30 million tons,respectively.The global demand for chromium ore will remain strong in the future,and the demand mainly comes from China and India.Currently,the competition for global chromium ore resources is fierce,and a situation of oligopoly dominated by mining companies such as Eurasian Resources and Glencore has been preliminarily formed.China’s overseas investment in chromium ore is relat

关 键 词：铬矿资源 地质特征 生产消费 企业投资 需求预测 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程] F407.1[经济管理—产业经济]