大兴安岭北部林下苔藓层穿透雨水化学特征及影响因素  

The Chemical Characteristics and Their Influencing Factors of Moss Layer Penetration Rain in Northern Da Xing′an Mountains

作　　者：王鑫涛 樊笑荧 张锦豪 蔡玉山 段亮亮[1,2] WANG Xintao;FAN Xiaoying;ZHANG Jinhao;CAI Yushan;DUAN Liangliang(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management,Ministry of Education,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《森林工程》2025年第2期266-276,共11页Forest Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFE0112805-04);国家自然科学基金青年项目(41901018)。

摘　　要：苔藓在森林水源涵养、养分固定和水质调控等方面发挥着重要作用,为揭示苔藓对降水化学特征的影响,在大兴安岭北部选取泥炭藓和赤茎藓为研究对象,对2023年6—9月生长季2种苔藓层穿透雨水化学特征进行观测和研究。结果表明,泥炭藓的最大持水量、最大持水率和厚度均显著大于赤茎藓(P<0.01);2种苔藓穿透雨各离子质量浓度存在差异,泥炭藓淋溶作用最显著的为K^(+),截留作用最显著的为F-,经过泥炭藓层后相较于林冠层穿透雨K^(+)质量浓度提高241%,F-质量浓度降低51.6%,经过泥炭藓层后金属离子总质量浓度提高71.7%,非金属离子总质量浓度降低19.9%。赤茎藓淋溶作用最显著的是PO_(4)^(3-),截留作用最显著的为Ca^(2+),经过赤茎藓层后相较于林冠层穿透雨PO_(4)^(3-)质量浓度提高147.7%,Ca^(2+)质量浓度降低5.2%,经过赤茎藓层后金属离子总质量浓度提高10.2%,非金属离子总质量浓度降低62.6%;苔藓层穿透雨离子淋溶质量浓度受pH、温度和林冠层穿透雨离子质量浓度的影响,其中除Fe^(3+)、Cl^(-)外的其余离子均与林冠层穿透雨中离子质量浓度呈负相关性。研究表明林冠层穿透雨在经过苔藓层后水中各离子质量浓度发生了显著变化,进而会对森林土壤化学含量产生影响,结果可为大兴安岭寒温带森林水文和水化学研究提供科学支撑。Moss plays an important role in forest water conservation,nutrient fixation and water quality regulation.In order to reveal the influence of mosses on the water chemical characteristics of forest rainfall redistribution,this study selected Sphagnum and Pleurozium schreberi as research objects,and observed and studied the moss layer penetration rain and water chemical characteristics of the two mosses in the growing season from June to September of 2023.The results showed as follows:the maximum water holding capacity,maximum water holding rate and thickness of Sphagnum were significantly(P<0.01)higher than those of Pleurozium schreberi.There were differences in ion concentration between the two species of moss penetration rain.K^(+)showed the most significant leaching effect of Sphagnum and F-showed the most significant retention effect.The K^(+)concentration increased by 241%after passing through the Sphagnum layer compared with the canopy penetration rain,while the F-concentration decreased by 51.6%.The total metal ion concentration increased by 71.7%after passing through the Sphagnum layer,while the total concentration of nonmetallic ions decreased by 19.9%.PO_(4)^(3-)showed the most significant leaching effect of Pleurozium schreberi,and Ca^(2+)showed the most significant retention effect.PO_(4)^(3-)concentration increased by 147.7%after passing through the Pleurozium schreberi layer compared with the canopy penetration rain.The concentration of Ca^(2+)decreased by 5.2%.The total concentration of metal ions increased by 10.2%after passing through the Pleurozium schreberi layer,while the total concentration of non-metal ions decreased by 62.6%.(3)The leaching concentration of moss layer penetration rain was affected by pH value,temperature and canopy penetration rain ion concentration.Except Fe^(3+)and Cl^(-),the other ions were all negatively correlated with the canopy penetration rain ion concentration.This study showed that the ion concentrations in the water of canopy penetration rain changed significantly

关 键 词：大兴安岭北部 苔藓层穿透雨 水化学 阴离子 阳离子 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]