施用氮磷钾对稻茬小麦生长发育和经济效益的影响  

Effect of Applying with Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium on Paddy Wheat Growth and Economic Benefit

作　　者：陈勇 王家嘉[2] 孙少利[3] 薜立辉 李远芝 范伟 陈骏 杨中保 束维正 李录久[2] CHEN Yong;WANG Jia-jia;SUN Shao-li(Zhongyan Anhui Hongsifang Fertilizer Co.,Ltd.,Hefei,Anhui 232100;Institute of Soil Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(National Soil Quality Taihe Observation Experiment Station)/Nutrient Cycling and Cultivated Land Conservation Anhui Province Key Laboratory,Hefei,Anhui 230031;Funan County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Funan,Anhui 236300)

机构地区：[1]中盐安徽红四方肥业股份有限公司,安徽合肥232100 [2]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所(国家土壤质量太和观测实验站)/养分循环与耕地保育安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230031 [3]阜南县农业技术推广中心,安徽阜南236300 [4]长丰县农业技术推广中心,安徽长丰231100 [5]安徽速牛智能科技有限公司,安徽合肥230011 [6]安徽建筑大学环境与能源工程学院,安徽合肥230601 [7]淮南市潘集区农业技术推广中心,安徽淮南232082

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第4期140-142,148,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重大研发专项“长江流域冬小麦化肥农药减施增效技术研究与示范”(2018YFD0200505)。

摘　　要：[目的]通过多地田间试验,研究施用氮磷钾对稻茬小麦生长发育和经济收益的影响,探究秸秆还田下小麦氮磷钾施肥效应。[方法]设置氮磷钾优化施肥ST,以缺氮、缺磷、缺钾和空白无肥的CK为对照,5个处理,小麦成熟期采样,考察产量性状,计算施肥效益。[结果]施用氮磷钾对小麦生长发育具有明显的促进作用,能显著提高籽粒产量,提升经济收益。4地试验,测土配方施肥ST较缺氮、缺磷、缺钾的对照ST-N、ST-P、ST-K分别增产33.67%~119.90%、6.85%~18.72%和5.87%~12.26%,与CK相比,产量相应提升35.83%~159.28%,平均增产72.73%、12.92%、8.01%和91.18%。按照平均产量计算,小麦施用氮磷钾增收1652~10620元/hm^(2),产投比达(3.15~11.43)∶1。[结论]秸秆还田条件下,氮磷钾优化配方施肥能有效提高江淮流域稻田冬小麦籽粒产量,提升种植的经济效益。[Objective]To study on the effects of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)optimizing prescription fertilization on wheat growth and economic benefit so as to explore the response of wheat grain yield to fertilization on the condition of straw returned to field at four sites.[Method]Five treatments were set up including the one ST which was N,P and K prescription fertilization and the ones omitted N(ST-N),P(ST-P),K(ST-K)and NPK(CK).The samples were collected at maturing stage of wheat,and the economic was calculated.[Result]There was an obvious relation effect of applying with N,P and K on wheat growth,grain yield increased and economic benefit of planting wheat improved,which wheat seed yield raised by 33.67%-119.90%,6.85%-18.72%,5.87%-12.26%and 35.83%-159.28%averagely 72.73%,12.92%,8.01%and 91.18%at four sites respectively compared the treatment of NPK prescription fertilization with the control of omitting N,P,K and NPK.According to the calculation of average wheat grain yield,the economic profit to plant wheat increased by 1652-10620 yuan/hm~2,and the ratio of income to invest of fertilization reached(3.15-11.43)∶1 compared the treatment of ST to the one of ST-N,ST-P,ST-K and CK.[Conclusion]The optimizing prescription fertilization of N,P,K could effectively increase winter wheat seed yield and improve economic benefit in the region of the Yangtze-Huai River valley under the condition of straw returned to field.

关 键 词：氮磷钾优化配方施肥 小麦籽粒产量 经济效益 江淮流域 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]