精细化灌溉施肥对设施番茄生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Fine Irrigation and Fertilization on Plant Tomato Growth and Yield

作　　者：郑雅杰 杨明 李仪曼 张大龙 魏珉[1] ZHENG Ya-jie;YANG Ming;LI Yi-man(College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian,Shandong 271000)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第4期143-148,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-23);济南市农业应用技术创新计划项目(济农财[2020])。

摘　　要：为探究土壤栽培条件下设施番茄精细化灌溉施肥模式,以番茄“圣罗兰”为试材,以常规滴灌施肥为对照(CK),基于不同茬口和生育阶段番茄水分和养分需求,设置5个每日定量滴灌施肥处理,研究其对植株生长与产量的影响。结果表明,每日定量滴灌施肥可以促进番茄植株生长,提高果实产量,改善果实品质,同时水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力显著提高;春茬与秋茬皆以每日定量滴灌施肥增量20%处理下综合表现最优,与对照相比,株高、茎粗和叶面积显著增加,叶绿素含量和净光合速率提高,春茬增产20.14%,秋茬增产14.05%,春茬与秋茬节水率分别为35.4%和28.4%,节肥率分别为10.2%和23.5%。综上所述,春茬与秋茬皆以每日定量滴灌施肥增量20%处理下高效生产效果最好。In order to explore the fine irrigation and fertilization mode of facilities tomato under soil cultivation conditions,this experiment took tomato'Saint Laurent'as the test material and conventional drip fertilization as the control(CK).Based on the water and nutrient requirements of tomatoes at different stubble and growth stage,five daily quantitative drip fertilization treatments were set up to study the effects on plant growth and yield.The results showed that daily drip fertilization could promote tomato plant growth,increase fruit yield,improve fruit quality,and significantly increase water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity.Compared with the control,the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area significantly increased,chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate increased,and the spring and autumn stubble increased by 20.14%and 14.05%,respectively.The water-saving rate of spring and autumn stubble was 35.4%and 28.4%,respectively.The fertilizer saving rates were 10.2%and 23.5%,respectively.In summary,spring and autumn stubble have the best productive effect under the treatment of 20%increment of daily quantitative drip fertilization.

关 键 词：番茄 滴灌施肥 生长 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]