洱海流域绿色高值作物筛选研究  

Study on Selection of Green High Value Planting Crops in Erhai Lake Basin

作　　者：段四喜 娄永明 李光秀 普桂萍 鲁娜 李宏[7] DUAN Si-xi;LOU Yong-ming;LI Guang-xiu(Dali City Agricultural Environment Resources and Agricultural Products Quality Supervision Center,Dali,Yunnan 674100;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201;Gengma County Local Industry Development Service Center,Linchang,Yunnan 677500;Yanjin County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Zhaotong,Yunnan 657500)

机构地区：[1]大理市农业环境资源和农产品质量监管中心,云南大理674100 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [3]耿马县地方产业发展服务中心,云南临沧677500 [4]盐津县农业技术推广中心,云南昭通657500 [5]峨山县农村综合服务中心,云南玉溪653200 [6]洱源县园艺工作站,云南洱源671200 [7]云南农业大学经济管理学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2025年第4期187-192,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2020年云南省重大科技计划项目(202002AE090029)。

摘　　要：为保护洱海,促进中药材产业的健康发展,在洱海流域采用问卷调查法,将传统作物与药用作物种植模式进行了比较分析,以探讨药用作物是否为洱海流域可行的绿色高值作物。调查研究表明:在农户生产资料选择方面,药用作物种植户对种苗价格的关注度极显著高于传统作物种植户,药用作物种植户环保意识强,注重农药毒性的高低和肥料对环境的影响;就耕种方式而言,药用作物免耕率极显著高于传统作物,少耕率显著高于传统作物,常规翻耕率显著低于传统作物,因此药用作物的种植可更好实现免耕、少耕和优耕;在节水灌溉方面,药用作物种植过程中采用喷滴灌设施的比例较高,生产中无大水漫灌现象;在秸秆产生方面,药用作物秸秆产生量较少,与传统作物相比仅45.00%的药用作物有秸秆产生,同时所产秸秆均被资源化利用;在产投比方面,药用作物种植所需的肥料、农药和劳动力成本仅为传统作物的78.20%、34.26%和54.69%,但产值和经济效益却是传统作物的1.78倍和2.21倍。因此从调查样本来看,在洱海流域种植药用作物同时兼顾了经济效益和环境效益,是可推广种植的绿色高值作物。In order to protect Erhai Lake,promote the healthy development of Chinese herbal medicine industry in Dali Prefecture.The traditional planting crops and medicinal crops planting mode were empirically analyzed and compared by questionnaire survey in Erhai Lake Basin,to explore whether medicinal crops was feasible green high-value crops in Erhai Lake Basin.The investigation and research showed that in terms of farmers'choice of production materials,medicinal plant growers more concerned about the price of seeds and seedlings than traditional crop growers.The level of toxicity and the impact of fertilizers on the environment more than those of traditional crop farmers.In terms of farming methods,medicinal crops can better achieve no-tillage,less tillage,optimal tillage,and no-tillage rate of medicinal plant farmers was extremely significantly higher than that of traditional crop growers,and the less tillage rate was significantly higher than those of traditional crop growers,but the conventional tillage rate was significantly lower than those of traditional crop growers.In terms of facility configuration,the proportion of drip irrigation facilities for medicinal crops was higher than that of traditional crops.Meanwhile,there was no flood irrigation phenomenon.In terms of straw production,compared with traditional crops,medicinal crops effectively reduced the amount of straw produced,and at the same time,all straws were utilized as resources,and only 45.00%of medicinal crops were produced from straw.In comparison,the fertilizer,pesticide and labor costs required for the cultivation of medicinal crops were only 78.20%,34.26%and 54.69%of those of traditional crops,but the output value and economic benefits were 1.78 times and 2.21 times that of traditional crops.Therefore,from the perspective of the surveyed sample farmers,the promotion of medicinal crops takes both environmental and economic benefits into accounting the Erhai watershed,which is a green high-value model that can be popularized.

关 键 词：药用作物 传统作物 绿色高值作物 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]