生态问题综合诊断与生态保护修复分区研究——以玉溪市为例  

Comprehensive Diagnosis of Ecological Problems and Study on the Zoning of Ecological Protection and Restoration in Yuxi City

作　　者：杨仙瑜 段国永 杨关平 凌达 YANG Xian-yu;DUAN Guo-yong;YANG Guan-ping;LING Da(Yunnan Zhongdi Spatial Information Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming Yunnan 650051,China)

机构地区：[1]云南中地空间信息技术有限公司,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《环境科学导刊》2025年第1期36-40,共5页Environmental Science Survey

摘　　要：结合山水林田湖草湿特点开展生态修复分区是国土空间生态修复的基础,但目前多以单一生态要素生态问题为主划分生态保护修复分区。本研究因地制宜选取了8个主要生态问题构建玉溪市生态问题指标体系,结合生态风险评估结果综合划定玉溪市生态保护修复分区。研究表明:①玉溪市离中心城区越远,生态风险等级越低;②玉溪市存在的生态问题包括水土流失、石漠化、河流水体污染、林地退化、耕地破碎化、湖泊水体污染、草地退化以及湿地退化;③玉溪市生态保护修复分区包括重点修复区、生态保育区和一般修复区。重点修复区主要分布在玉溪市新平县-元江县干热河谷地带及三湖区域,该区域应开展有针对性的生态修复工作;生态保育区主要分布在新平县,该区域生态风险较低,应重点布局生物多样性保护与提质工程;一般修复区大部分位于玉溪市红塔区内,该区域主要以农业生产为主,单一生态问题不突出,该区域应重点实施土地整治以及水环境治理工程。Zoning ecological restoration based on the characteristics of mountains,waters,forests,fields,lakes,and wetlands is the foundation of territorial space ecological restoration.However,current zoning for ecological protection and restoration often focuses on individual ecological elements.This study selectively constructed an index system for ecological problems in Yuxi City based on eight primary ecological indicators while also considering geographical conditions.The ecological protection and restoration zones of Yuxi City were designated based on the results of ecological risk assessment.The study found that the farther away from the city center,the lower the ecological risk level in Yuxi.The ecological problems in Yuxi include soil erosion,desertification,river water pollution,forest degradation,fragmentation of cultivated land,lake water pollution,grassland degradation,and wetland degradation.The ecological protection and restoration zones in Yuxi City include key restoration areas,ecological conservation areas,and general restoration areas.Key restoration areas are primarily located in the dry hot valley area between Xinping County and Yuanjiang County as well as the three lake areas in Yuxi City.Specific ecological restoration work should be carried out in these areas.Ecological conservation areas are mainly located in Xinping County,an area with relatively low ecological risk.Biodiversity protection and improvement projects should be intensively arranged in these regions.The general restoration area is mostly in Hongta District of Yuxi City,a region primarily dominated by agricultural production.No single ecological issue stands out here,so focused efforts should be put in terms of land consolidation and water environment management projects.

关 键 词：山水林田湖草湿 生态风险评估 生态问题指标体系 生态保护修复分区 玉溪市 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]