高温处理对两种瓢虫的影响及防治设施辣椒桃蚜效果评价  

Effects of High Temperature on Two Species of Ladybugs and Their Control of Myzus persicae on Pepper in Greenhouse

作　　者：伍兴隆 张景荣 宋占锋[4] 刘玉珊[3] 雍艳萍 李思翰 闫振鹏 杨明禄[1] 蒲德强[2] WU Xinglong;ZHANG Jingrong;SONG Zhanfeng;LIU Yushan;YONG Yanping;LI Sihan;YAN Zhenpeng;YANG Minglu;PU Deqiang(Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University/Key Laboratory of the Corps for Comprehensive Management of Agricultural Pest in Southern Xinjiang,Alar 843300,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Biotechnology Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Botanical Engineering,Chengdu 611730,China;Horticultural Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院/南疆农业有害生物综合治理兵团重点实验室,阿拉尔843300 [2]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,成都610066 [3]四川省植物工程研究院生物技术研究所,成都611730 [4]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所/蔬菜种质与品种创新四川省重点实验室,成都610066

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2025年第1期7-14,共8页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1400600);兵团财政科技计划(2023HX1123326);四川省自然科学基金(24NSFSC1783)。

摘　　要：蚜虫是设施蔬菜上的重要害虫,生产上主要依赖化学药剂进行防治。通过释放瓢虫防治蚜虫可以减少化学农药的使用,但是可能会受到设施高温环境的影响。本文运用高温处理的两种瓢虫,研究其存活率、产卵量和对设施辣椒桃蚜的防治效果。结果表明,七星瓢虫在变温25℃/37℃可以正常繁殖,在恒温37℃条件下无法繁殖;多异瓢虫在恒温37℃和变温25℃/37℃均能正常繁殖。辣椒桃蚜Myzuspersicae发生量自6月初开始呈上升趋势,7月下旬达到高峰,后逐渐下降。田间试验结果表明,七星瓢虫经过变温25℃/37℃预处理后,卵的孵化率为46.8%(恒温25℃饲养的孵化率为88.3%),释放后30 d对辣椒桃蚜的防治效果为88.5%(恒温25℃饲养的防治效果为69.0%);多异瓢虫经过变温25℃/37℃和恒温37℃预处理其卵的孵化率分别为85.3%和43.03%(恒温25℃饲养的孵化率为79.1%),释放后30d对辣椒桃蚜的防治效果分别为97.8%和77.6%(恒温25℃饲养的防治效果为96.7%)。本研究表明,两种瓢虫均对37℃高温具有较高的适应和繁殖能力,均可应用于防治设施辣椒桃蚜,多异瓢虫相对于七星瓢虫对高温的适应能力较强,对设施辣椒桃蚜的防治效果更高。Aphids are important pests of greenhouse vegetables,and chemical pesticides are widely used to control them.Release of ladybugs for the control of Myzus persicae can reduce the use of chemical pesticides,but high temperatures in the greenhouse may backfire the ladybugs performance.In this study,the survival rate and fecundity of two species ladybugs exposed to high temperature treatment were measured together with their control of M.persicae on pepper plants in greenhouses.The results showed that Coccinella septempunctata was able to reproduce normally at a variable temperature of 25℃/37℃,but failed to reproduce at a constant temperature of 37℃,whereas Hippodamia variegata was able to reproduce normally at both a constant temperature of 37℃and a variable temperature of 25℃/37℃.The occurrence of M.persicae on pepper plants increased since the beginning of June,peaked in late July,and then gradually decreased.The results of field experiments showed:eggs of C.septempunctata pretreated at variable temperature of 25/37℃hatched at 46.8%in contrast to 88.3%at 25℃,which afforded a 88.5%control of M.persicae on pepper plants in contrast to 69.0%at 25℃at 30 days post release of the eggs.Eggs of H.Variegata pretreated at variable temperature of 25℃/37℃and constant temperature of 37℃hatched at 85.3%and 43.03%,respectively,in contrast to 79.1%at 25℃,which afforded 97.8%and 77.6%control of M.persicae on pepper plants,respectively,in contrast to 96.9%at 25℃at 30 days post release of the eggs.This study shows that both species of ladybugs have to ability to adapt to and reproduce at high temperature of 37℃,and can be used in the control of M.persicae on pepper plants in greenhouses,although H.Variegata is a better choice than C.septempunctata.

关 键 词：七星瓢虫 多异瓢虫 桃蚜 高温 生物防治 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]