膜下滴灌水氮用量对春大豆生长、产量及品质的影响  

Effect of water and nitrogen application under mulched drip irrigation on growth,yield and quality of spring soybean

作　　者：王月 何相贵 谢海霞[1] 周健平 王书昱 WANG Yue;HE Xianggui;XIE Haixia;ZHOU Jianpin;WANG Shuyu(Department of Resources and Environment,College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院农业资源与环境系,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第2期37-46,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目(2021AB009);石河子大学高层次人才项目(RCZK201926)。

摘　　要：【目的】2023年新疆推广种植大豆6.7万hm^(2),为紧跟农业生产实际需要,研究干旱区膜下滴灌条件春大豆生长对水氮用量的响应,以期为新疆干旱半干旱区膜下滴灌条件春大豆种植中水氮管理提供技术支撑。【方法】本研究通过田间小区试验,以裕农3号为试验材料,采用裂区设计,主区为灌溉定额处理:W1(3600 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W2(4500 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W3(5400 m^(3)/hm^(2));副区为施氮处理:N0(不施氮)、N1(138 kg/hm^(2))、N2(207 kg/hm^(2))、N3(276kg/hm^(2))。【结果】膜下滴灌条件下,增加灌水量对春大豆生长有明显促进作用,春大豆干物质积累符合Logistic生长曲线,结荚—鼓粒期是干物质快速积累时期;膜下滴灌条件下,灌溉定额和氮肥施用量显著影响春大豆生长,其干物质积累量、产量及产量构成因子与灌溉定额均呈正相关关系;N1处理较N0、N2、N3处理更利于干物质积累和产量形成;研究中灌溉定额5400 m^(3)/hm^(2),施氮量138 kg/hm^(2)处理,干物质积累量和产量最高,分别为11233.53 kg/hm^(2)和5685.00 kg/hm^(2),其产量、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒质量和百粒质量较W1N0处理分别增加132.04%、164.57%、134.13%、227.22%和24.31%;品质结果显示增加灌溉量不利于蛋白质和脂肪量的提高,增施氮量可以促进大豆蛋白质量提高,却不利于脂肪量积累。【结论】在新疆干旱半干旱区,水氮是大豆生长的关键因素,适当增加灌溉量、控施氮肥更利于春大豆产量提高,实现节本增效的种植目标。【Background and Objective】In 2023,Xinjiang initiated a project to cultivate 66700 hectares of spring soybeans.Due to its arid and semi-arid climate,soybean production in Xinjiang depends heavily on irrigation and fertilization.Understanding the combined effects of water and nitrogen under mulched subsurface drip irrigation is critical for optimizing the use efficiency of these inputs and providing technical guidance for soybean production.【Method】A field experiment was conducted using the soybean variety Yongnong 3 in a split-plot design.The experiment included three irrigation amounts:3600 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1),4500 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2),and 5400 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3).Each irrigation treatment was paired with four nitrogen applications:no nitrogen(N0),138 kg/hm^(2)(N1),207 kg/hm^(2)(N2),and 276 kg/hm^(2)(N3).During the experiment,we measured and analyzed crop growth,yield and grain quality.【Result】①Increasing irrigation amount significantly promoted crop growth.Dry matter accumulation over time followed a logistic growth curve,with rapid accumulation observed between the pod-setting and grain-filling stages.②Irrigation and nitrogen application had significant effects on crop growth and yield components.Dry matter accumulation,yield,and yield components increased with irrigation amount.Among all nitrogen treatments,138 kg/hm^(2)(N1)resulted in the highest dry matter accumulation and yield.③The highest dry matter accumulation(11233.53 kg/hm^(2))and grain yield(5685 kg/hm^(2))were achieved with 5400 m^(3)/hm^(2)of irrigation(W3)and 138 kg/hm^(2)of nitrogen application(N1).Compared to W1N0,this combination increased grain yield by 132.04%,pods per plant by 164.57%,grains per plant by 134.13%,grain weight per plant by 227.22%,main stem node count by 25.06%,and 100-grain weight by 24.31%.④While increasing irrigation did not significantly affect protein and fat content,nitrogen application increased protein content but reduced fat accumulation.【Conclusion】In the arid and semi-arid regions of Xinjiang,effective

关 键 词：春大豆 膜下滴灌 水氮用量 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S529[农业科学—作物学]