施用生物炭与滴灌施肥对菜地氮磷渗漏损失的影响  

Reducing leaching losses of nitrogen and phosphorus in vegetable farms using a combination of biochar amendment and drip irrigation

作　　者：李世雄 胡飞 彭银 达布希拉图 张军 李美存 LI Shixiong;HU Fei;PENG Yin;DABUXilatu;ZHANG Jun;LI Meicun(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Bureau of Agriculture,Rural Affairs and Science and Technology of Shiping County,Yuxi 662299,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]石屏县农业农村和科学技术局,云南玉溪662299

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第2期47-54,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967015);石屏县农业生态环境治理项目。

摘　　要：【目的】探究施用生物炭与滴灌减量施肥对甘蓝菜地渗漏液氮素和磷素损失及土壤理化性质的影响。【方法】本文利用田间小区试验,设置CK(常规施用化肥)、B1(7500 kg/hm^(2)生物炭一次性施入+施用化肥)、D1/2(滴灌施肥,减量化肥50%)、BD1/2(7500 kg/hm^(2)生物炭一次性施入+滴灌施肥,减量化肥50%),比较分析施用生物炭与滴灌减量施肥对甘蓝产量、氮磷渗漏损失特征及土壤理化性质的影响。【结果】相较于CK,施用生物炭与滴灌减量施肥条件下甘蓝产量稳定。与CK相比,施用生物炭使甘蓝植株全氮量和全磷量显著提高12.29%和10.21%,土壤速效养分量提高,渗漏液中总氮、硝态氮、总磷和水溶性磷质量浓度分别降低27.75%、45.09%、69.99%和39.45%。与CK相比,滴灌施肥使渗漏液中总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷和水溶性磷质量浓度分别降低45.16%、34.87%、63.46%、57.90%和55.04%。与CK相比,施用生物炭后总氮和总磷的渗漏损失量分别降低了24.14%和37.67%,滴灌减量施肥总氮和总磷的渗漏损失量分别降低了46.66%和48.57%。主成分分析表明,源头减量化肥降低氮磷损失的效果要优于施用生物炭,二者结合具有协同效应。【结论】在滴灌减量施肥的基础上施入生物炭对阻控菜地氮磷流失效果最佳。【Objective】Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from vegetable farms poses significant environmental risks and reduces agricultural profitability.Here,we present the results of an experimental study on the effectiveness of combining drip irrigation and biochar amendment in reducing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in cabbage fields.【Method】The field experiment was conducted with four treatments:①conventional chemical fertilization(CK),②soil amendment with 7500 kg/hm^(2) of biochar combined with the conventional fertilization(B1),③drip irrigation with a 50%reduction of the fertilizer applied in CK(B2),and④combining B2 with 7500 kg/hm^(2) of biochar amendment(B3).For each treatment,we measured the cabbage yield,nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses,and changes in soil physicochemical properties.【Result】①Drip irrigation combined with biochar amendment and fertilizer reduction did not significantly reduce cabbage yield compared to CK.②Compared to CK,B1 increased total nitrogen and phosphorus content in the soil by 12.29%and 10.21%,respectively,while reducing the concentrations of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and soluble phosphorus in leachate by 45.09%,69.99%,and 39.45%,respectively.③B2 reduced the concentrations of total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total phosphorus,and soluble phosphorus in leachate by 45.16%,34.87%,63.46%,57.90%,and 55.04%,respectively,compared to CK.④B3,combining biochar amendment and fertilizer reduction under drip irrigation,reduced total nitrogen and phosphorus leaching by 46.66%and 48.57%,respectively,compared to CK.Principal component analysis indicated that fertilizer reduction was more effective in reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss than biochar application,and their combination exhibited a synergistic effect.【Conclusion】The combination of biochar amendment with reduced fertilization under drip irrigation is highly effective in minimizing nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in vegetable fields,improving both environmental sustainability and a

关 键 词：生物炭 滴灌施肥 氮磷渗漏损失 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]