非离子表面活性剂对土壤结构性质及水流运动特征的影响  

Effects of nonionic surfactants on soil structure,soil properties and soil water flow

作　　者：盛丰 李忠润 张彬 SHENG Feng;LI Zhongrun;ZHANG Bin(Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学,长沙410114 [2]洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第2期63-71,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51579020);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ30602)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确非离子表面活性剂对土壤结构性质及水流运动特征的影响。【方法】基于室内土柱灌溉试验,研究不同灌溉水非离子表面活性剂浓度(0、0.02、0.05和0.10倍临界胶束浓度)、不同灌水频率(1 d 1次、2 d 1次、3 d 1次)、不同灌溉模式(纯清水灌溉、纯再生水灌溉、再生水-清水交替灌溉)条件下的土壤团聚体稳定性、体积质量、孔隙结构、土壤滴水穿透时间、灌水入渗时间和土壤水流运动非均匀程度的变化规律。【结果】非离子表面活性剂有利于提升土壤团聚体稳定性和土壤特征孔隙率、降低土壤体积质量,但也增大了土壤斥水性和水流运动的不确定性;低频率、高定额的灌水方式加剧了土壤团聚体的崩解,高频率、低定额的灌水方式增大了土壤水流运动的非均匀性;含非离子表面活性剂的灌溉水和清水交替灌溉模式具有提升土壤团聚体稳定性、增大土壤孔隙率,同时降低土壤斥水性和水流运动不确定性的优势。【结论】再生水农田灌溉宜采用再生水和清水交替灌溉模式,以平衡非离子表面活性剂对土壤的积极作用与潜在负面影响。【Objective】Nonionic surfactants are soil amendments that could modify water surface tension,alter soil repellency,and affect water flow and distribution in soil.We experimentally investigate the effects of nonionic surfactants in reclaimed water on soil structure,soil properties and soil water infiltration,aiming to improve the management of agricultural use of reclaimed water and protect soil and waterenvironments.【Method】Laboratory experiments were conducted using repacked soil columns to examine the influence of nonionic surfactants on soil physical properties and water infiltration.Treatments included irrigation water with 0,0.02,0.05,and 0.1 critical micelle concentration(CMC)of nonionic surfactants,combined with three irrigation frequencies(daily,every two days,and every three days)and an irrigation schedule alternatingly using nonionic surfactant-laden water and freshwater.Measurementsin the experiment included soil aggregate stability,bulk density,capillary and non-capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity ratio,soil water repellency,surface infiltrability,and preferential flow heterogeneity.【Result】Nonionic surfactants improvedsoil aggregate stability and porosity but increased soil hydrophobicity and water flow instability.Low-frequency and high-amount irrigation led to disintegration of soil aggregates,while high-frequency and low-amount irrigation exacerbated preferential flow heterogeneity in water infiltration.Alternating nonionic surfactant-laden water and freshwater in irrigation enhanced soil aggregate stability,increased soil porosity,and reduced soil hydrophobicity and preferential flow.【Conclusion】Alternating irrigation with reclaimed water and freshwater can effectively balances the positive and negative effects of nonionic surfactants on soil properties and soil water infiltration.This can optimize the use of reclaimed water for agriculture while maintaining soil health and reducing environmental risks.

关 键 词：再生水灌溉 非离子表面活性剂 土壤结构 土壤斥水性 地表入渗能力 优先流 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]