低蛋白精料补充料对泌乳期放牧牦牛瘤胃微生物区系的影响  

Effects of Low Protein Supplementation on Rumen Microbiota in Lactating Grazing Yaks

作　　者：袁金泉 张潇戈 别欣亚 周亚楠 杨得玉 冯宇哲[1] 崔占鸿[1] YUAN Jinquan;ZHANG Xiaoge;BIE Xinya;ZHOU Yanan;YANG Deyu;FENG Yuzhe;CUI Zhanhong(Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science of Qinghai University,Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2025年第1期1-6,72,共7页Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1602304);青海省重大科技专项(2021-NK-A5)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究低蛋白质精料补充料并补充两种主要过瘤胃氨基酸对泌乳期放牧牦牛瘤胃微生物区系的影响。试验选取健康状况良好、体重相近的24头泌乳牦牛作为试验动物,随机分为3组,每组8个重复。高蛋白组(HP组)饲喂粗蛋白质水平为16.66%的精料补充料,中蛋白组(MP组)饲喂粗蛋白质水平为15.05%的精料补充料并额外添加0.23%过瘤胃赖氨酸和0.03%过瘤胃蛋氨酸,低蛋白组(LP组)饲喂粗蛋白质水平为13.57%的精料补充料并额外添加0.46%过瘤胃赖氨酸和0.07%过瘤胃蛋氨酸。预试期8 d,正式试验40 d。结果表明,(1)瘤胃发酵参数中,三组之间乙酸和丙酸具有显著差异的趋势(0.05≤P<0.1);(2)低蛋白精料补充料不影响三组之间的优势菌门,HP组的脱硫菌门(Desulfobacterota)丰度显著高于MP组和LP组(P<0.05),HP组克里斯滕森菌科R-7群(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)的相对丰度显著高于MP和LP组(P<0.05)。综上得出,降低泌乳期牦牛精料补充料的粗蛋白水平并补充相应的过瘤胃氨基酸在不改变瘤胃中优势菌群的前提下可以通过降低脱硫菌门的丰度减少疾病发生,从而有助于机体健康。This study investigated the effects of low protein supplementation and the addition of two principal rumen-protected amino acids on the rumen microbiota and metabolomics of lactating yaks under grazing conditions.Twenty-four healthy,similarly weighted lactating yaks were selected and randomly assigned to three groups with eight replicates in each group.The high-protein group(HP group)was fed supplement with a crude protein level of 16.66%,the medium-protein group(MP group)was fed supplement with a crude protein level of 15.05%and additionally supplemented with 0.23%rumen-protected lysine and 0.03%rumen-protected methionine,and the low-protein group(LP group)was fed supplement with a crude protein level of 13.57%and additionally supplemented with 0.46%rumen-protected lysine and 0.07%rumen-protected methionine.The pretrial period was 8 days,and the formal trial lasted 40 days.The results indicated that:(1)among the rumen fermentation parameters,there was a trend of significant differences in acetic acid and propionic acid among the three groups(0.05≤P<0.1);(2)low protein supplementation did not affect the dominant bacterial phyla among the three groups,and the abundance of Desulfobacterota in the HP group was significantly higher than in the MP and LP groups(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group in the HP group was significantly higher than in the MP and LP groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,reducing the crude protein level of yak supplements during lactation and supplementing the corresponding rumen-protected amino acids can reduce the occurrence of diseases by reducing the abundance of desulfurization bacteria without changing the dominant flora in the rumen,thus contributing to the health of the body.

关 键 词：泌乳牦牛 低蛋白质精料补充料 放牧加补饲 微生物区系 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]