体育锻炼与儿童近视防控及身体形态发育的关联:基于1年纵向干预研究  

The Relationship between Physical Exercise,Myopia Prevention,and Physical Development in Children:A One-Year Longitudinal Intervention Study

作　　者：张润泽 徐建方[1] 张斌[1] 李飞鱼 郭天月 李良[1] ZHANG Runze;XU Jianfang;ZHANG Bin;LI Feiyu;GUO Tianyue;LI Liang(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing100061,China;Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《体育科学》2025年第1期73-82,共10页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本24-01)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨体育锻炼对学龄儿童近视防控的作用,分析身体形态与眼生物学参数变化的关联性,为制定科学有效的近视防控措施提供理论依据和实践指导。方法:以178名小学3年级学生为研究对象,根据视力状况分为视力正常对照组(n=45)、视力正常干预组(n=45)、近视对照组(n=44)和近视干预组(n=44)。对视力正常干预组及近视干预组进行为期1学年每周3次、每次40min的运动干预,干预内容为以锻炼视远视近能力和视觉追踪能力为目标的中等强度有氧训练。在干预前、后,检测所有受试者的等效球镜度数(sphericalequivalentrefraction,SER)、眼轴长度(axial length,AL)、角膜曲率半径(cornea curve radius,CR)、前房深度(anterior chamber depth,ACD)等眼生物学参数以及身高、体重和身体质量指数(bodymassindex,BMI)等身体形态数据。对采集数据进行配对样本t检验、独立样本t检验和多元线性回归分析。结果:1)在1学年后,视力正常对照组SER水平显著低于干预前(P<0.01),AL显著高于干预前(P<0.01),AL/CR及ACD显著高于干预前(P<0.01);视力正常干预组AL显著高于干预前(P<0.01),SER无显著变化;与视力正常对照组相比,视力正常干预组的SER下降幅度更小[(-0.50±0.73)D vs(-0.08±0.55)D,P<0.01];视力正常干预组的新发近视率为35.1%,显著低于视力正常对照组的48.6%(P<0.05)。2)在1学年后,近视对照组的SER水平显著低于干预前(P<0.01),AL显著高于干预前(P<0.01),AL/CR及ACD显著高于干预前(P<0.05);近视干预组AL显著高于干预前(P<0.01),SER无显著变化;与近视对照组相比,近视干预组的SER下降幅度更小[(-0.70±0.66)Dvs(-0.22±0.97)D,P<0.05]。3)多元线性回归分析发现,近视对照组学生身高的变化值与AL变化值存在显著的正向回归关系(β=0.052,P<0.05),即身高每增长10cm,AL增长0.5mm,而其他各组学生的身体形态指标变化值与眼生物学参数变化水平之间无显著回归关系�Objective:This study aims to explore the role of physical exercise in preventing and controlling myopia in school-age children,as well as to analyze the relationship between changes in physical parameters and ocular biometrics parameters,and to provide theoretical basis support and practical guidance for formulating scientific and effective myopia prevention and control measures.Methods:178 third-grade primary school students were divided into four groups based on their visual status:the normal vision control group(n=45),the normal vision intervention group(n=45),the myopia control group(n=44),and the myopia intervention group(n=44).Both the normal vision intervention group and the myopia intervention group underwent an exercise protocol for one academic year,with 3 sessions per week,each lasting 40 minutes.The intervention focused on moderate-intensity aerobic training targeting the improvement of the ability to focus on distant and near objects and the ability of visual tracking.Before and after the intervention,all participants were tested for ocular biological parameters including spherical equivalent refraction(SER),axial length(AL),corneal curvature radius(CR),anterior chamber depth(ACD),and body morphology data including height,weight,and body mass index(BMI).The collected data were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests,independent-sample t-tests,and multivariate linear regression analysis.Results:1)After one academic year,the SER level of the normal vision control group was significantly lower than before the intervention(P<0.01),and AL was significantly higher than before the intervention(P<0.01),AL/CR and ACD were also significantly higher than before the intervention(P<0.01).In the normal vision intervention group,AL was significantly higher than before the intervention(P<0.01),while SER showed no significant change.Compared to the normal vision control group,normal vision intervention group had a smaller decrease in SER[(-0.50±0.73)D vs(-0.08±0.55)D,P<0.01].The incidence of new myopia in the normal v

关 键 词：学龄儿童 近视 体育锻炼 身体形态 眼生物学参数 

分 类 号：G806[文化科学—运动人体科学]