广西海岸带潮滩沉积物及底栖生物重金属分布特征及污染评价研究  

Characteristics of Heavy Metal Contamination in Tidal Flat Sediments and Benthic Organisms in Guangxi Coastal Zone

作　　者：邹瑜 黄一鸣 池江 张佳瑶 孟佩欣 刘宝林[2] 杨娟[2] ZOU Yu;HUANG Yiming;CHI Jiang;ZHANG Jiayao;MENG Peixin;LIU Baolin;YANG Juan(Geology Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Burea,Nanning 530001,China;China University of Geosciences Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中化地质矿山总局广西地质勘查院,南宁530001 [2]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2024年第11期98-110,共13页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：中化地质矿山总局“海岸带资源利用与环境修复”(ZHTD202106)。

摘　　要：为评估广西海岸带潮滩重金属污染现状,文章对2021—2022年广西海岸带29个采样站位的沉积物和底栖生物体内的重金属污染特征开展采样调查。结果表明:沉积物中各重金属的平均含量从大到小排列为:锌、铬、铅、铜、砷、镉、汞,结合克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验结果,整体上在河口岸线和养殖岸线含量较高,自然岸线含量较低。相关性分析结果表明沉积环境中的大多数重金属之间存在协同性且受到沉积环境的有机碳含量及粒径组成的影响。Hakanson潜在生态危害指数评价结果表明,沉积物重金属污染水平由高到低排列为:河口(养殖岸线)、港口(生态保护岸线)、自然岸线,本区的镉、汞污染的生态风险较高。不同底栖生物体内重金属元素平均含量排序不同。相关性分析表明不同金属在生物体内的吸收和富集机制存在较大的差异。克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验结果显示,底栖生物对重金属的累积效应受岸线类型影响较小,主要与重金属生物可利用性,不同生物类群的生理特性、食性等差异有关。In order to assess the status of heavy metal pollution on tidal flats in the Guangxi coastal zone,an investigation of seven heavy metals′contents in sediments and benthic organisms was carried out from 29sampling stations during 2021-2022.The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals in the sediments ranked in order as follows:zinc(Zn),chromium(Cr),lead(Pb),copper(Cu),arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),and mercury(Hg).The results of Kruskal Wallis test indicated that the contents were higher in the estuarine and aquaculture shoreline,and lower in the natural shoreline.Correlation analysis showed that most of the heavy metals in sediments were synergistic with each other and were influenced by the TOC content and particle size composition in the sedimentary environment.The Hakanson′s Potential Ecological Risk Indices demonstrated that the ranking of ecological risk on heavy metal contamination in sediments was as follows:estuarine(/aquaculture)shoreline,harbor(/ecologically protected)shoreline,natural shoreline,with high risk of Cd and Hg contamination in this area.However,the average contents of heavy metals ranked differently in benthic organisms.Correlation analyses indicated that the mechanisms of uptake and enrichment of different metals in organisms may be highly variable.Moreover,the results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the cumulative effect of benthic organisms on heavy metals was less affected by shoreline type,but mainly related to the bioavailability of heavy metals,physiological characteristics and feeding habits of different organism groups.

关 键 词：广西海岸带 重金属污染 生物积累 潜在生态风险 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]