淹水条件氮肥用量对水稻表型和氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Dosage on Phenotype and Nitrogen Using of Rice under Flooding Conditions

作　　者：王萌 萧长亮[1] 解保胜[1] 那永光[1] 周燕 王安东[1] 侯楠 WANG Meng;XIAO Chang-liang;XIE Bao-sheng;NA Yong-guang;ZHOU Yan;WANG An-dong;HOU Nan(Rice Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Jiamusi Heilongjiang 154007,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《北方水稻》2025年第1期13-19,共7页NORTHERN RICE

基　　金：高标准农田建设和黑龙江垦区社会公益性事务专项课题“水稻群体表型性状标准及生产技术研究”(KJZX202306-02);国家重点研发计划“三江平原耕地地力与抗冷害干旱能力协同提升关键技术与示范”(2023YFD1500702);北大荒集团种业创新发展项目“优质、高产水稻新品种配套栽培技术研究”(2022ZY0102-02-06)。

摘　　要：选用垦稻1725和龙垦290为试验材料,研究长期淹水条件下低氮(不施氮)、中氮(100 kg/hm^(2))和高氮(150kg/hm^(2))处理对水稻表型特征和氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:在处理范围内,随着施氮量的提高水稻的株高、茎蘖数、叶面积指数及光合势均增加显著,促进了水稻的生长发育和生物量积累,高氮处理(N2)虽然促进了生长,但分蘖成穗率有所下降;高氮处理显著提高了水稻的产量,主要通过增加有效穗数和穗粒数实现,但也导致结实率下降和千粒重降低,部分抵消了增产效果;不同品种对氮肥的响应存在差异,在同一氮肥处理下,垦稻1725表现出更强的长势和产量潜力;在氮肥处理范围内,稻米糙米率、精米率和整精米率均随施氮量增加而增加,表明适量增施氮肥有助于改善稻米加工品质;高氮处理(N2)的氮肥农学效率最高,但氮肥偏生产力降低,表明高氮条件下虽然单位氮肥增产效果显著,但整体氮肥利用效率不高。Kendao-1725 and Longken-290 were selected as experimental materials to study the effects of low nitrogen(no nitrogen application),medium nitrogen(100 kg/hm^(2))and high nitrogen(150 kg/hm^(2))treatments on phenotypic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under long-term flooding conditions.The results showed as follows:In the treatment range,plant height,tiller number,leaf area index and photosynthetic potential of rice increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate,which promoted the growth and biomass accumulation of rice.Although high nitrogen treatment(N2)promoted the growth,the tiller yield decreased.High nitrogen treatment significantly increased the yield of rice,mainly by increasing the effective panicle number and grain number per panicle,but also caused the decrease of seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight,which partially offset the increase effect.The response of different varieties to nitrogen fertilizer was different.Under the same nitrogen fertilizer treatment,Kendao-1725 showed stronger growth and yield potential under nitrogen fertilizer treatment.In the range of nitrogen fertilizer treatment,the rice brown rice rate,milled rice rate and milled rice rate all increased with the increase of nitrogen application,which indicated that the appropriate increase of nitrogen application was helpful to improve the rice processing quality.The high nitrogen treatment(N2)had the highest agronomic efficiency,but the nitrogen partial productivity decreased,indicating that although the unit nitrogen fertilizer yield increased significantly under high nitrogen conditions,the overall nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was not high.

关 键 词：水稻 淹水 施氮量 表型 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]