轻罪治理视域下行政出罪的性质及效力  

The Legal Nature and Force of Administrative Non-Criminalization from the Perspective of Misdemeanor Governance

作　　者：黄小龙 HUANG Xiaolong

机构地区：[1]南华大学经济管理与法学学院

出　　处：《常州大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期12-21,共10页Journal of Changzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“环境资源案件行刑反向衔接机制研究”(24CFX101);湖南省教育厅青年项目“反腐倡廉党内法规的百年演进与经验启示研究”(22B0514);湖南省教育厅青年项目“行政执法与刑事司法双向衔接机制研究”(22B0419)。

摘　　要：行政出罪在执法实践中一直存在,学界对此基本持反对立场。我国“定性+定量”的犯罪认定机制以及行政执法机关对于行政违法犯罪案件的先行管辖事实,决定了行政出罪具有合理性和必要性。行政出罪既非单纯的行政权,也非单纯的司法权,而是一种准司法权能。针对不同的权利主体,行政出罪的效力形态亦不全然相同。对行政执法机关自身而言,其负有积极的信守义务以及变更或撤销受严格的拘束;对行为人而言,除了积极的遵守义务外,其还面临着违反出罪处置的强制拘束力;对司法机关而言,则负有消极的尊重义务。当然,行政出罪发生持续性效力的前提是出罪处置具有合法性和合理性,如果出罪处置严重违法或严重不合理的,便会阻却其效力。Administrative non-criminalization has always existed in the practice of law enforcement,yet it is generally opposed by the academic community.Chinas“qualitative+quantitative”crime identification mechanism and the fact that the administrative law enforcement organs govern the administrative criminal cases first determine the rationality and necessity for administrative noncriminalization.It is neither purely an administrative power nor purely a judicial power,but rather a quasi-judicial power.The force of administrative non-criminalization varies depending on different subjects of rights.For the administrative law enforcement agency,it has the active fiduciary duty,and any changes or revocation is strictly constrained.For individuals,in addition to the active fiduciary duty,they also face the mandatory binding force of violating the disposal of the crime.For judicial authorities,there is the passive obligation to respect the administrative decisions.Of course,the premise of the continuous effects of administrative non-criminalization is that the disposal of the crime is legal and reasonable.If the disposal of the crime is seriously illegal or unreasonable,its effect will be blocked.

关 键 词：轻罪治理 行政出罪 性质 效力 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D924[政治法律—法学]