基于效率的商业数据权利保护模式选择及规则展开  

Selection of Commercial Data Rights Protection Models and Rule Deployment Based on Efficiency

作　　者：徐攀亚 陈家祺 XU Panya;CHEN Jiaqi

机构地区：[1]江南大学法学院

出　　处：《常州大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期30-42,共13页Journal of Changzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“公共物品理论视角下企业数据权属及其民法保护”(22BFX072)。

摘　　要：商业数据权利保护模式面临着财产权与反不正当竞争法间的选择问题。模式的选择应当回归商业数据确权立法的核心目的。保护各类市场主体数据利益与促进市场中数据要素流通利用是商业数据确权的价值追求,其内核是效率价值。成本收益分析法是衡量效率高低的重要手段。相较财产权模式,反不正当竞争法保护模式的制度成本与阻碍成本较小,具有保障市场稳定性的作用,有利于产权激励收益的产生,契合效率目标。反不正当竞争法模式下的商业数据权利保护,需要《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》宣示商业数据权益的合法性,划定受该法调整的商业数据范围并依托司法实践经验逐渐明确商业数据权的内容。从而在保障一般条款可适用性,降低权利冲突成本,体现商业数据权效率内核的前提下,完成从商业数据权益到商业数据权利的转化。The commercial data rights protection model faces the problem of choosing between property rights and Anti-Unfair Competition Law.The choice of the model should return to the core purpose of commercial data rights confirmation legislation.Protecting the data interests of various market entities and promoting the circulation and utilization of data elements in the market are the value pursuit of commercial data rights confirmation,with efficiency being the core value.Costbenefit analysis is an important means to assessing efficiency.Compared with the property rights model,the institutional and hindrance costs of the protection model of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law are lower,which helps to ensure market stability,promotes the generation of property rights incentives,and aligns with efficiency goals.To protect commercial data rights under the Anti-Unfair Competition Law model,it is necessary that Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the Peoples Republic of China proclaims the legitimacy of commercial data rights and interests,delineates the scope of commercial data subject to this law,and gradually clarifies the contents of commercial data rights based on judicial practice experience,aiming to achieve the applicability of general clauses,lower the cost of rights conflicts,reflect the efficiency core of commercial data rights and finally achieving the transformation from the rights and interests of commercial data to the rights of commercial data.

关 键 词：商业数据 数据确权 成本收益分析法 反不正当竞争法 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学] D923.4[政治法律—法学]