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作 者:徐钦望 任利利[1] 骆有庆[1] XU Qinwang;REN Lili;LUO Youqing(Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control,Beijing Forestry University/Sino-French Joint Laboratoryfor Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia,Beijing Forestry University-French National Research Institutefor Agriculture Food and Environment(INRAE),Beijing 100083,China)
机构地区:[1]北京林业大学林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室/北京林业大学和法国国家农业食品与环境研究院中法欧亚森林入侵生物联合实验室,北京100083
出 处:《生物安全学报(中英文)》2025年第1期11-19,共9页Journal of biosafety
基 金:国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1401000)。
摘 要:中国是受入侵种危害最严重的国家之一,随着入侵种的不断增多,需要对其造成的危害与影响进行评估、排序、分级或分类以加强重点管理。本文对世界范围内全物种类群入侵种危害的评估排序与分类分级方法进行归类介绍,并评述各方法的优缺点。根据评估内容、评估结果的量化与呈现方式,可将入侵种危害的评估排序与分类分级方法分为4大类:专家定性分级与排序、基于文献证据的影响分级与排序、考虑影响与其他因素的分级与分类、基于层次分析的多指标综合评价。其中,外来种影响分级法、通用影响评分系统2种方法具有较高的可重复性、稳定性和科学性,在世界范围内得到了广泛应用。从应用情况、评估对象、评估内容、评估结果、稳定性等角度对各方法进行比较发现,我国现有评估入侵种危害的多指标综合评价方法与指标体系存在评估内容不全面、稳定性较低等不足。最后,提出我国多指标综合评价方法的改进建议,以期完善提升我国入侵种风险评估方法体系,支持有关研究与管理工作。China is one of the countries most severely affected by invasive species.With the increasing number of invasive species,assessing,and classifying invasive species based on their potential damage and impact to strengthen focused management is necessary.In this review,we classified diverse assessment,ranking,classification,and grading methods for invasive species′damage to all species groups,worldwide,and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each method.According to the assessment contents and quatification and presentation of the assessment results,the main methods can be divided into four categories:expert qualitative grading and ranking,impact grading and ranking based on literature evidence,grading and classification considering impacts and other factors,and multi-index comprehensive evaluation based on analytic hierarchy process.Among them,two methods,the impact classification for alien taxa and the general impact scoring system,have high repeatability,stability,and scientific evidence and are widely used.We compared these methods in terms of application,assessment objective,content,and results,and method stability and found that the present index systems and Chinese multi-index comprehensive evaluation method used have certain shortcomings,including incomplete evaluation contents and low stability.Finally,we propose improvements for the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method,hoping to improve the Chinese risk assessment method and assessment systems for invasive species.Supporting related research and management work will be needed.
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