山西省中部地区入侵种绿太阳鱼的形态学及DNA分子鉴定  

Morphological and DNA molecular identification of the invasive species green sunfish(Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque)in central Shanxi Province,China

作　　者：郝玲 金珂 杨慧轩 邢晓娜 刘少贞 王宪宗 刘青[1] 宋晶[1] HAO Ling;JIN Ke;YANG Huixuan;XING Xiaona;LIU Shaozhen;WANG Xianzong;LIU Qing;SONG Jing(College of Animal Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030600,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学动物科学学院,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《生物安全学报(中英文)》2025年第1期60-67,共8页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：山西省水产研究所-山西农业大学横向项目(2020HX39)。

摘　　要：【目的】对入侵山西省中部水域的太阳鱼进行物种鉴定。【方法】对采集到的太阳鱼进行形态学初步鉴定,并在2个位点处随机各抽取5尾太阳鱼进行基因组DNA提取、PCR扩增COⅠ基因和Cytb基因并测序。根据Kimura 2-parameter model双参数模型计算样品序列遗传距离,将所得序列使用邻接法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建系统发育树,进行聚类分析。【结果】该鱼形态与绿太阳鱼一致。COⅠ基因序列平均长度为642 bp,A+T平均含量(51.37%)略高于G+C平均含量(48.61%);Cytb基因序列平均长度为819 bp,A+T平均含量(52.54%)高于G+C平均含量(47.46%)。比较太阳鱼属2种基因序列,发现COⅠ基因的种间平均遗传距离是种内平均遗传距离的11.58倍,Cytb基因的种间平均遗传距离是种内平均遗传距离的9.94倍,且测得的基因序列与绿太阳鱼基因相似度最高,遗传距离最近。系统进化分析显示,2个基因均能对12种太阳鱼属鱼类进行鉴别,每种太阳鱼均能形成独立分支,样本基因序列均与绿太阳鱼聚在了一起,并与其他近缘物种显著分开。【结论】入侵山西省中部水域的为绿太阳鱼。利用COⅠ及Cytb基因可有效鉴定形态近似的入侵物种,该结果为山西中部地区水域物种多样性保护提出预警,也为入侵鱼类的防控提供科学依据。【Aim】The aim of this study was to identify the species of sunfish that invaded the waters of central Shanxi Province.【Method】The captured sunfish were identified morphologically on a preliminary basis,and six of them were selected randomly for DNA extraction,amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I(COⅠ)and cytochrome b(Cytb)genes by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.The genetic distance of the sample sequences was calculated according to the Kimura 2-parameter model,and the resulting sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree using the neighbor-joining(NJ),maximum likelihood(ML),and Bayesian inference(BI)methods for clustering analysis.【Result】The results showed that the fish were morphologically consistent with the green sunfish(Lepomis cyanellus).The average length of the COⅠgene sequences was 642 bp,and the average content of A+T(51.37%)was slightly greater than that of G+C(48.61%).The average length of the Cytb gene sequences was 819 bp,and the average content of A+T(52.54%)was greater than that of G+C(47.46%).The differences between the average inter-and intra-specific genetic distances of Cytb and COⅠgene were 11.58 and 9.94,respectively.The measured gene sequences had the most closely related genetic similarities and distances to known green sunfish genes.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 12 sunfish formed an independent clade based on COⅠand Cytb gene sequences.The sample gene sequences clustered with green sunfish and were significantly different from those of the other closely related species.【Conclusion】The fish that invaded the waters of central Shanxi Province were green sunfish.The use of COⅠand Cytb genes could effectively identify morphologically similar invasive species.The results provide an early warning for aquatic biodiversity protection in Central Shanxi and a scientific basis for the prevention and control of invasive fish.

关 键 词：太阳鱼属 形态学 COⅠ CYTB 物种鉴定 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]