基于有机玻璃糙率率定的某渡槽水面线模型试验  

Water surface line model test based on roughness rate determination of organic glass in a certain canal

作　　者：许泽林 宋志强[1] 燕飞[2] 田国栋[2] 王飞虎[1] 曹成 XU Zelin;SONG Zhiqiang;YAN Fei;TIAN Guodong;WANG Feihu;CAO Cheng(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China;China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,西安710048

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技(中英文)》2025年第1期201-208,共8页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(52039008);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(52039008);陕西省教育厅青年创新团队科研计划项目(22JP052)。

摘　　要：采用光滑有机玻璃作为相似材料进行某渡槽水面线模型试验,发现模型试验测得渡槽最高内水位与均匀流公式计算出的水位相差较大。针对此问题开展模型试验、理论分析和数值模拟研究。分析影响模型试验中渡槽水位的各种因素;对模型试验所用的光滑有机玻璃材料进行糙率率定,基于率定试验结果和理论分析,建立一种糙率比尺不相似情况下的水位修正方法;开展渡槽水面线的三维有限元数值模拟研究,在渡槽模型试验实测数据验证数值模拟准确的基础上,证明针对糙率比尺不相似提出的模型试验渡槽水位修正方法的正确性。结果表明:试验糙率比尺不相似是导致渡槽实测水位与均匀流计算水位相差较大的关键因素,光滑有机玻璃板糙率取0.007 9~0.008 3较为合适,糙率值随流量的增大呈现减小的趋势,随坡度的增大呈现增大趋势。To address the issue of variations in normal water levels across different segments during the operational phase of the canal characterized by a gentle slope and curved trajectory, a smooth organic glass material was utilized to simulate the water surface line in model tests conducted on the canal. The experimental approach adopted a normal distribution model and was formulated on the basis of gravity similarity principles, employing a geometric scale ratio of 1:40.The outcomes of the experiment indicated a notable disparity between the water levels recorded in the flume model test and those calculated using the uniform flow formula. Specifically, the measured water level surpassed the calculated water level, prompting an investigation into the underlying causes of the elevated measured water level and the attainment of precise water level estimations within the spillway. This study employed a tripartite methodology encompassing model tests, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations.The analysis of various factors influencing water levels in the aqueduct model test revealed several key aspects.Firstly, the curvature of the aqueduct impacted the flow pattern, resulting in elevated water levels. Secondly,discrepancies in roughness ratio scales were observed, with the model's roughness being excessive, leading to heightened head loss and subsequently increased water levels. Lastly, the discrepancy between the actual aqueduct section, which featured a reduced water area, and the rectangular section utilized in the uniform flow calculation formula contributed to the rise in water levels.Subsequent roughness determination tests were conducted on the smooth organic glass material utilized in the model test, and the obtained roughness data were scrutinized. A water level correction method was later devised based on the calibration test results and the uniform flow calculation formula to rectify situations where roughness ratio scales were contradictory, thereby correcting the measured water levels.Furthermore, a th

关 键 词：渡槽 模型试验 水面线 有机玻璃 糙率率定 

分 类 号：TV672.3[水利工程—水利水电工程]