青龙寺矿区湿陷性黄土临近采动下地表变形与岩移规律研究  

Study on surface deformation and rock movement law of collapsible loess under adjacent mining in Qinglongsi mining area

作　　者：李亚军 刘磐 程志斌 王文[3] Li Yajun;Liu Pan;Cheng Zhibin;Wang Wen(Qinglongsi Coal Mine Branch,CHN Energy Yulin Energy Co.,Ltd.,Yulin 7190000,China;Henan Polytechnic Industry Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Jiaozuo 454000,China;School of Energy Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]国能榆林能源有限责任公司青龙寺煤矿分公司,陕西榆林719000 [2]河南理工产业技术研究院有限公司,河南焦作454000 [3]河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《能源与环保》2025年第1期251-258,共8页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

摘　　要：采后地表沉陷直接影响地面构筑物稳定性及区域生态,观测并研究工作面采后的岩层运移规律为治理地表变形及“三下”安全开采提供依据。以青龙寺煤矿5-20105工作面采后地表沉陷特征为研究对象,采用现场观测、理论计算及规律分析等手段,得到湿陷性黄土地表赋存特征下工作面开采过程中及采后的地表变形及破坏规律。结果表明,工作面采后,从地表开始移动到移动停止共经历初始阶段、活跃阶段、衰减阶段,在湿陷性黄土影响下,地表沉陷初始阶段较短,衰减阶段地表残余下沉量较小;监测地表变形并计算岩移角特征得到,地表最大下沉量达到1.711 m,超前影响角56.7°,最大下沉速度滞后角61°,下沉盆地综合边界角58°,综合移动角64°,裂缝角67°,最大下沉角82°,充分采动角64.5°;湿陷性黄土区域内采后地表裂隙多呈弧线型的小落差台阶状切落;裂隙走向与煤层的倾向有明显关联性,与工作面夹角平均约39°;地表裂缝在塬面发育形态清晰,而延伸至沟边则快速尖灭;受临采工作面影响,临采侧覆岩裂隙角和移动角相对较大,地表呈现非对称变形规律。上述规律为该区“三下”安全开采以及保安煤柱的留设提供参考依据。The surface subsidence after mining directly affects the stability of ground structures and regional ecology.Observing and studying the rock movement law in the working face after mining provides a basis for controlling surface deformation and ensuring safe mining in the"three-underground"areas.Taking the surface subsidence characteristics after mining of 5-20105 working face in Qinglongsi Coal Mine as the research object,the surface deformation and failure law during and after mining under the surface occurrence characteristics of collapsible loess were obtained by means of field observation,theoretical calculation and law analysis.The results show that after the mining movement of the working face,from the surface to the stop of the movement,it has gone through the initial stage,the active stage and the attenuation stage.Under the influence of collapsible loess,the initial stage of surface subsidence is shorter,and the surface residual subsidence in the attenuation stage is smaller.By monitoring the surface deformation and calculating the characteristics of rock movement angle,the maximum surface subsidence reached 1.711 m,the advanced influence angle was 56.7°,the maximum subsidence velocity lag angle was 61°,the comprehensive boundary angle of subsidence basin was 58°,the comprehensive movement angle was 64°,the fracture angle was 67°,the maximum subsidence angle was 82°,and the fully mining angle was 64.5°.The surface cracks after mining in collapsible loess area are mostly arc-shaped small drop step-like cutting off.The crack direction is obviously related to the inclination of the coal seam,and the average angle with the working face is about 39°.The development of surface cracks on the tableland is clear,while extending to the gully edge,the surface cracks are quickly pinched out.Affected by the adjacent mining face,the fracture angle and movement angle of the overlying rock on the adjacent mining side are relatively large,and the surface presents an asymmetric deformation law.The above laws provi

关 键 词：湿陷性黄土 临近采动 下沉观测 地表变形 岩移规律 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]