高硝化活性细菌富集及强化人工湿地脱氮  

Enrichment of high activity nitrifying bacteria and its application for enhanced nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands

作　　者：徐英铭 黄杨瑞 吉庆华 刘锐平 刘会娟 李艳红[1] XU Yingming;HUANG Yangrui;JI Qinghua;Liu Ruiping;Liu Huijuan;LI Yanhong(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China;Center for Water and Ecology,School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,桂林541004 [2]清华大学环境学院,清华大学水质与水生态研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第12期3486-3492,共7页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC3200603);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(52221004)。

摘　　要：在污水处理中投加高硝化活性的污泥是脱氮工艺快速启动的重要方式之一,同时也是生物脱氮技术响应应急脱氮处理的主要手段。该研究选用膜生物反应器(MBR)作为硝化菌的富集装置,运用无机碳源与高浓度氨氮培养模式,同时对pH、DO、温度以及水力停留时间进行合理调控,实现了硝化菌的快速富集。随后将富集得到的硝化菌投加到人工湿地中,模拟人工湿地的快速启动流程,最终实现了人工湿地的快速启动以及高效脱氮效果。结果表明,在整个硝化菌富集实验中,氨氮的去除率稳定在90%以上,并同时有效避免了亚硝酸盐氮的累积问题,实现了出水水质稳定。富集后污泥的硝化活性从最初的4.8 mg·(L·h)^(−1)(以NH_(4)^(+)计)显著提高到122 mg·(L·h)^(−1),达到普通污泥的27倍。将富集后的高硝化活性污泥投加进中试人工湿地中,能实现人工湿地系统在35 d的快速脱氮启动,并对氨氮的去除率达到93.8%,即使长时间遭受具有竞争性外源菌的干扰,该人工湿地也只需10 d即可恢复对氨氮的高效去除,去除率可达到98%以上。由此可见,投加这种高硝化活性的污泥,不但能够提升人工湿地里硝化菌群落的丰富程度,而且借助强化硝化能力,可进一步增强人工湿地的脱氮效能。The addition of sludge with high nitrification activity in wastewater treatment is one of the important ways to quickly start nitrogen removal process,and it is also the main method for biological nitrogen removal technology to respond to emergency nitrogen removal treatment.A membrane bioreactor(MBR)was applied for the enrichment of nitrifying bacteria in this study.The nitrifying bacteria were cultivated with inorganic carbon sources and high concentration ammonia nitrogen,pH,DO,temperature and hydraulic retention time were appropriately adjusted,then the rapid enrichment of nitrifying bacteria was achieved.The enriched nitrifying bacteria were added to the artificial wetland for the simulation of its rapid start-up process,finally,the rapid start-up and highly efficient nitrogen removal were achieved for artificial wetland.This results showed that in the nitrifying bacteria enrichment experiment,the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was stable at over 90%and the accumulation of nitrite nitrogen was effectively avoided,the stable effluent water quality occurred.The nitrification performance of the enriched sludge significantly increased from the initial value of 4.8 mg·(L·h)^(−1)(calculated as NH_(4)^(+))to 122 mg·(L·h)^(−1)(calculated as NH_(4)^(+)),which is 27 times that of conventional nitrifying sludge.Adding the enriched nitrifying sludge with high activity into the pilot-scale wetland could achieve a rapid start-up of nitrogen removal by the artificial wetland system within 35 days,and ammonia nitrogen removal rate reached 93.8%.Even at the interference of long-term competitive external bacteria,the highly efficient ammonia nitrogen removal could be restored within 10 days for the artificial wetland,and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate was over 98%.Therefore,the addition of sludge with high nitrifying activity not only enhances the abundance of the nitrifying community in artificial wetland,but also further improves the nitrogen removal capability of artificial wetland by means of the streng

关 键 词：硝化菌富集 快速启动 生物膜反应器 人工湿地 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]