人工湿地结构对农业面源污染中阿特拉津净化性能的影响  

Effect of constructed wetland structure on atrazine removal performance for treating agricultural non-point source pollution

作　　者：毛舜羽 王荣华 王慧 覃岚倩 许丹丹 丁彦礼[4] 白少元[1,2] MAO Shunyu;WANG Ronghua;WANG Hui;QIN Lanqian;XU Dandan;DING Yanli;BAI Shaoyuan(Guangxi Experimental Center of Mining,Metallurgy and Environmental Science,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China;Hengsheng Water Environment Management Company,Guilin 541004,China;College of Earth Sciences,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学,广西矿冶与环境科学实验中心,桂林541004 [2]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,桂林541004 [3]恒晟水环境治理股份有限公司,桂林541004 [4]桂林理工大学地球科学学院,桂林541004

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第12期3507-3516,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：广西重点研发计划资助项目(桂科AB22080067);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52360024,52260024)。

摘　　要：除草剂阿特拉津(ATZ)通过农业面源污染汇入地表水体,其对植物光合作用的抑制效果会对人工湿地系统的净化效能构成潜在威胁。本研究旨在评估农业面源污染中ATZ在人工湿地系统中的去除效率,并探讨不同湿地结构对去除效果的影响。通过构建表面流人工湿地(SF)与潜流人工湿地(HSSF)对比实验装置,本研究系统地研究了2种结构人工湿地对COD、TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N和ATZ的去除效果差异,同时分析了植物叶绿素含量变化及微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明,SF对COD、TP和NH_(4)^(+)-N的去除率更高,较HSSF分别提高了6.23%、20.29%、25.26%;但二者对ATZ的去除能力差异不显著,其中SF的去除率略低于HSSF1.28%。在SF中,美人蕉(Canna indica L.)对污染物的净化作用显著,其生物量是HSSF中的2倍。ATZ短期内对SF中美人蕉叶绿素合成具有抑制作用,但美人蕉通过调节叶绿素来增强光合作用,从而减轻ATZ的胁迫效应。随着时间的推移,这种抑制作用逐渐减弱。相比之下,HSSF中微生物对净化性能的贡献更为显著,其微生物丰度和多样性均高于SF。2个人工湿地系统中主要检测到了Acinetobacter、Bacillus、Rhizobium、Nocardia、Nocardioides、Flavobacterium和Sphingomonas等ATZ降解菌。本研究为含除草剂的面源污染治理策略提供了科学依据,为优化人工湿地设计提供了技术支撑。The herbicide atrazine(ATZ)is discharged into surface water through agricultural non-point source pollution.The purification performance of constructed wetlands(CWs)can be potentially affected by atrazine due to its inhibition of plant photosynthesis.The objectives of this study are to assess the removal rate of ATZ in agricultural non-point source pollution through CWs,and compare the effect of constructed wetland structure on ATZ removal performance for treating agricultural non-point source pollution.The differences of COD,TP,NH_(4)^(+)-N,and ATZ removal efficiencies were investigated by building two types of constructed wetland:surface flow constructed wetlands(SF)and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands(HSSF),and the plant chlorophyll content and microbial community structure were analyzed simultaneously.The results indicated that SF achieved a higher removal effect on COD,TP,and NH_(4)^(+)-N than HSSF,and increased in removal rate by 6.23%,20.29%,and 25.26%,respectively.There is no significant difference in ATZ removal ability between both CWs,of which the removal rate by SF was slightly lower(1.28%)than that of HSSF.In SF,Canna indica L.had a significant purification effect on pollutants,and its biomass was twice that of HSSF.In the short term,ATZ had an inhibitory effect on chlorophyll synthesis of Canna indica L.in SF,while Canna indica L.could enhance photosynthesis by adjusting the chlorophyll a/b ratio,thereby reducing the stress effect of ATZ,and this inhibitory effect gradually weakened over time.The contribution of microorganisms to purification performance in HSSF was more significant,with higher microbial abundance and diversity than in SF.In both CWs,ATZ degrading bacteria such as Acinetobacter,Bacillus,Rhizobium,Nocardia,Nocardioides,Flavobacterium and Sphingomonas were mainly detected.This study provides a scientific basis for the control and treatment strategy of non-point source pollution containing herbicides,and a technical support for optimizing CWs design.

关 键 词：人工湿地 农业面源污染 阿特拉津 叶绿素 湿地类型 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]