盆栽绿植对室内空气中甲醛的净化能力  

Purification capacity of potted plants on formaldehyde in indoor air

作　　者：朱金佗[1,2] 刘雪静 王亮[1,2] 徐欢[1,2] 胡淇 范鹏飞 ZHU Jintuo;LIU Xuejing;WANG Liang;XU Huan;HU Qi;FAN Pengfei(School of Safety and Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Materials and Physics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学材料与物理学院,徐州221116

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第12期3548-3556,共9页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：中国博士后面上基金(2023M742938);国家自然青年基金项目(51904291);江苏省自然青年基金项目(BK20190638)。

摘　　要：针对室内空气中甲醛危害大的问题,盆栽绿植可作为长期净化室内甲醛的潜在手段。实验选取绿萝、白鹤芋、金边吊兰、虎尾兰4种常见的盆栽绿植,分别在甲醛初始质量浓度为0.5、1.0和2.0 mg·m^(−3)的环境中探究了各绿植对甲醛的净化能力及在甲醛胁迫下各绿植的生存状态。结果表明:1)4种盆栽绿植对甲醛的净化能力排序为:绿萝>白鹤芋>金边吊兰>虎尾兰。2)各绿植在一段时间内能将甲醛质量浓度降低至WHO(0.10 mg·m^(−3))、中国(0.08 mg·m^(−3))、美国(0.10 mg·m^(−3))、芬兰(0.13 mg·m^(−3))、意大利(0.12 mg·m^(−3))和日本(0.12 mg·m^(−3))规定的质量浓度限值以下。3)各绿植对甲醛的净化率随甲醛质量浓度的增加不断降低;各绿植在48 h内对初始质量浓度为0.5 mg·m^(−3)甲醛的净化率均可达100%,对初始质量浓度为1.0 mg·m^(−3)甲醛的净化率均超85%,对初始质量浓度为2.0 mg·m^(−3)甲醛的净化率均超50%。4)各绿植每小时的甲醛吸收量随甲醛质量浓度的升高而线性增加。5)植株的气孔数量、叶面积均与其在一段时间内的累计甲醛吸收量呈显著正相关。6)在甲醛初始质量浓度≤2.0 mg·m^(−3)的48 h暴露实验后的1周内,绿萝、金边吊兰和白鹤芋的叶片相继受损,绿萝受损叶面积最大(受损占比>5%),且受损的叶面积随甲醛质量浓度的升高而增加,但各盆栽绿植整体仍能存活。该研究结果可为科学选取净化室内甲醛的盆栽绿植提供参考。In view of the harmful problem of formaldehyde in indoor air,potted plants can be a potential way to purify the formaldehyde-polluted indoor air in the long term.Four common species of potted plants,namely,Epipremnum aureum(Linden ex André)G.S.Bunting,Chlorophytum comosum(Thunb.)Jacques,Spathiphyllum kochii Engl.&K.Krause,and Sansevieria trifasciata Hort.ex Prain,were selected in the experiment to investigate their purification capacity and survival status under stress at the initial formaldehyde mass concentrations of 0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg·m^(−3),respectively.Results show that:1)The purification capacity of four species of potted plants on formaldehyde was ranked as:Epipremnum aureum>Spathiphyllum kochii>Chlorophytum comosum>Sansevieria trifasciata.2)Within a period of time,each species of potted plants could reduce the formaldehyde mass concentration below the exposure limits set by WHO(0.10 mg·m^(−3)),China(0.08 mg·m^(−3)),USA(0.10 mg·m^(−3)),Finland(0.13 mg·m^(−3)),Italy(0.12 mg·m^(−3)),and Japan(0.12 mg·m^(−3)).3)The formaldehyde purification efficiency by each potted plant continuously decreased with the increase of formaldehyde mass concentration;within 48 h,the purification efficiency of each potted plant on formaldehyde with initial mass concentration of 0.5 mg·m^(−3)could reach 100%,over 85%for the formaldehyde with initial mass concentration of 1.0 mg·m^(−3),and over 50%for the formaldehyde with initial mass concentration of 2.0 mg·m^(−3).4)The hourly absorbed formaldehyde by each potted plant linearly increased with increasing formaldehyde mass concentration.5)The stomata number and leaf area of each potted plant showed a significant positive correlation with its cumulative absorbed formaldehyde over a period of time.6)Within one week after the 48-h exposure experiment at the initial formaldehyde mass concentration≤2.0 mg·m^(−3),the leaves of Epipremnum aureum,Chlorophytum comosum,and Spathiphyllum kochii were found with damage,the largest damaged leaf area occurred fo

关 键 词：室内空气 甲醛 盆栽绿植 吸附净化 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]