除油微生物菌剂优化及油泥处理工艺构建  

Optimization of oil-removing microbial agents and establishment of a novel oily sludge treatment process

作　　者：林华丽 温学哲 朱文强 崔亮 王万鹏 邵宗泽 王勇 LIN Huali;WEN Xuezhe;ZHU Wenqiang;CUI Liang;WANG Wanpeng;SHAO Zongze;WANG Yong(School of Advanced Manufacturing,Fuzhou University,Jinjiang 362251,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources,Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学先进制造学院,晋江362251 [2]自然资源部第三海洋研究所海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室,厦门361005

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第12期3570-3581,共12页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(91851203);中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会资助项目(42030412)。

摘　　要：以焚烧、热解为代表的传统含油污泥处理方法容易产生二次污染且运行成本高,采用生物处理法投资成本少、运行费用低,已经成为油泥处理行业的研究热点。研究采用海洋来源高效石油降解菌,通过菌株复配构建了以柴油食烷菌和皮氏解环菌为主体的油泥处理微生物菌剂,并考察其对油泥处理能力及石油烃臭气的处理效果。以油泥无害化处理为目标,构建了“微生物降解-气浮-Fenton氧化-离心脱水-低温热处理”组合工艺体系,初步优化工艺参数。研究结果表明,油泥处理高效微生物菌剂的组成配比为75%柴油食烷菌和25%皮氏解环菌,在20~30℃、处理时间7 d、油泥含油率29%时,总石油烃去除率≥50%;除油菌剂与活性炭组合构建生物滤池处理石油烃臭气,非甲烷总烃含量降至120 mg∙m^(−3)以下,去除率为60%~80%。油泥处理组合工艺的运行参数为:菌剂为油泥体积10%、微生物处理3 d;Fenton氧化2 h、H_(2)O_(2)投加量11000 mg·L^(−1)、H_(2)O_(2)/Fe^(2+)摩尔比=20;离心脱水(1500 r·min^(−1),20 min);低温热处理(200℃,2 h),处理后油泥总石油烃含量≤0.3%,同时回收大量浮油约为12%油泥体积,菌剂可循环使用4次依然保持较好的去除效果,大幅降低油泥处理费用。该研究结果为油泥无害化处理提供一种以微生物降解为核心的新型组合工艺,对油泥微生物处理技术发展具有一定的借鉴意义。Traditional physicochemical treatment methods of oily sludge such as incineration and pyrolysis,tend to result in secondary pollution and high operational costs.The adoption of bioremediation,characterized by lower investment and operational cost,has become a research focus in the oily sludge treatment industry.This study focused on utilizing highly efficient ocean-sourced petroleum-degrading bacteria to develop a microbial agent for treating oily sludge.The petroleum degradation capabilities of the microbial agent and its effectiveness in treating petroleum hydrocarbon odors was investigated.To achieve innocent treatment of oily sludge,a combined treatment process was established,of microbial degradation—air flotation—Fenton oxidation—centrifugal dewatering—low-temperature heat treatment.Preliminary optimization of process parameters was conducted.The results indicated that the optimal composition ratio of the efficient microbial agent for oily sludge treatment was 75%Alcanivorax dieselolei strains and 25%Cycloclasticus pugetii strains.Under the conditions of 20℃to 30℃and treatment time of 7 d,with an initial oil content of 29%in the oily sludge,the total petroleum removal rate≥50%.In the treatment of odors from oily sludge by biofilter consisted of oil removing microbial agent and granular activated carbon,the removal efficiency of non-methane hydrocarbon(NMHC)ranged between 60%and 80%with effluent NMHC below 120 mg∙m^(−3).The operating parameters for the combined treatment process were as follows:microbial agent dosage of 10%oily sludge volume,microbial treatment for 3 d;Fenton oxidation for 2 h with H_(2)O_(2)dosage of 11000 mg·L^(−1)and H_(2)O_(2)/Fe^(2+)molar ratio of 20;centrifugal dewatering for 20 min at 1500 r·min^(−1);followed by low-temperature heat treatment at 200℃for 2 h.After the overall treatment,the total petroleum hydrocarbon content in the oily sludge was reduced to≤0.3%,with a significant recovery of floating oil at approximately 12%of initial oily sludge volume.Th

关 键 词：含油污泥 石油降解菌剂 油泥无害化处理 组合处理工艺 

分 类 号：X742[环境科学与工程—环境工程]