不同供氧方式对液体粪污贮存过程中氮养分变化的影响  

Effects of different oxygen supply modes on nitrogen nutrients changes during storage of liquid manure

作　　者：曹体智 徐鹏翔 丁京涛 王妍玮 周海宾 侯善策 张朋月 刘悦 沈玉君 CAO Tizhi;XU Pengxiang;DING Jingtao;WANG Yanwei;ZHOU Haibin;HOU Shance;ZHANG Pengyue;LIU Yue;SHEN Yujun(Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection,Academy of Agricultural Planning&Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University,Daqing 163319,China;Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所,北京100125 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,大庆163319 [3]农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室,北京100125

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第12期3601-3610,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(21327304D);农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室开放课题资助项目(KLFAW202102)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着中国畜牧业的快速发展,畜禽粪污的处理和利用越来越受到人们的重视。规模化养殖场中,液体粪污的产生量占粪污产生总量的近60%,是近年来畜禽粪污处理的研究难点和热点。为探索不同通风方式对液体粪污贮存过程中氮养分变化的影响,本研究以猪场全量收集的液体粪污为研究对象,进行了为期180 d的贮存发酵试验。试验设置了自然贮存、机械搅拌和强制曝气3个处理,分析了液体粪污贮存过程中NH_(3)、TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(−)-N、NO_(2)^(−)-N、Organic-N等指标变化规律。研究结果表明:与自然贮存相比,机械搅拌处理与强制曝气处理对于氮养分固持与NH_(3)减排方面具有较好的效果,强制曝气处理相较于机械搅拌处理TN含量提高了9.89%,Organic-N含量提高了13.46%,NO_(2)^(−)-N含量降低了37.62%,NO_(3)^(−)-N含量降低了16.78%,NH_(4)^(+)-N含量降低了3.11%,NH_(3)排放量减少了60.73%。各处理中TN含量随贮存时间的增加而逐渐下降,其损失率变化为自然贮存>机械搅拌>强制曝气。各处理中NH_(3)随贮存时间的增加而逐渐增加,强制曝气处理的NH_(3)减排率远高于自然贮存与机械搅拌。整体来看,液体粪污贮存过程中强制曝气处理可显著减少NH_(3)的排放量,有利于氮养分的留存。In recent years,with the rapid development of animal husbandry in China,the treatment and utilization of livestock manure have received increasing attention.In large-scale breeding farms,the excretion of liquid manure accounts for nearly 60%of all livestock manure,which has become a research hotspot in recent years.To investigate the effects of different ventilation methods on nitrogen nutrient changes during the storage of liquid manure,this study conducted a pig slurry manure storage experiment which lasted for 180 days.The experiment involved three treatments:natural storage,mechanical stirring,and forced aeration,and analyzed the changes of nitrogen nutrients such as ammonia,total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen and organic nitrogen.The results showed that compared with natural storage,mechanical stirring and forced aeration treatment had better effects on nitrogen retention and ammonia emission reduction.Compared with mechanical stirring treatment,forced aeration treatment increased the total nitrogen by 9.89%,increased the organic nitrogen content by 13.46%,decreased the nitrite nitrogen content by 37.62%,decreased the nitrate nitrogen content by 16.78%,decreased the ammonium nitrogen content by 3.11%,and decreased the ammonia emissions by 60.73%.The total nitrogen content in each treatment gradually decreased with the increase of storage time,and the loss rate changes as follows:natural storage>mechanical stirring>forced aeration.The ammonia gradually increased with the increase of storage time,and the ammonia emission reduction rate of forced aeration treatment was much higher than that of natural storage and mechanical stirring.Overall,the forced aeration treatment can significantly reduce ammonia emissions during the storage of liquid manure and is beneficial to the retention of nitrogen nutrients.

关 键 词：供氧方式 液体粪污 贮存 氮养分变化 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]