基于时空演变分析的大型露天煤矿生态风险评价与分区管控  

Ecological risk assessment and zoning control for large-scale open-pit coal mines based on spatial and temporal evolution

作　　者：王桂林 王瑶 高水平 焦晓亮 苗鑫 崔嵬 李天昕 WANG Guilin;WANG Yao;GAO Shuiping;JIAO Xiaoliang;MIAO Xin;CUI Wei;LI Tianxin(Chnenergy Zhunneng Group Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 010300,China;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Jungar Banner Unit of Erdos Detachment for Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement of Ecological Environment,Ordos 017100,China;Inner Mongolia Lvchuang Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]国能准能集团有限责任公司,鄂尔多斯010300 [2]北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院,北京市工业典型污染物资源化处理重点实验室,北京100083 [3]鄂尔多斯市生态环境综合行政执法支队准格尔旗大队,鄂尔多斯017100 [4]内蒙古绿创环保科技有限公司,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第12期3663-3678,共16页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

摘　　要：露天煤炭资源开采可严重影响区域生态平衡和可持续发展,矿区的生态风险评价在生态修复管理中具有突出地位。以准能露天煤矿矿区为例,从风险源、风险表征、风险受体和生态终点全链条的角度,构建矿区生态风险因果链和基于危害度和敏感度的综合生态风险评价模型,并基于准能露天矿区历年监测数据和遥感数据,全面评价矿区综合生态风险及其时空演变特征,划分不同的生态风险区并识别主要驱动因子,最终提出生态风险分区管控策略。结果表明:矿区危害度高生态风险区主要集中在露天采场及未复垦的排土场,主要存在的风险为扬尘污染、水土流失、地质灾害等;时间尺度上2000、2010、2015、2020年的生态风险按照时间推移呈逐渐增大趋势,从空间相关性分析显示各年生态风险Moran'I指数均呈正相关;基于主导因子法,将矿区生态风险管控单元划分为风险监测预警区、生态保护修复区、预警保护兼顾区以及自然适应调控区。风险监测预警区的主要影响因子为土地损毁(0.6629)和裸土指数(0.3241),生态保护修复区的主要影响因子为水土流失(0.6049)和土壤侵蚀(0.4119)。依据探测结果识别各区风险管控的重点,可实现针对性的风险管控措施。Open-pit coal resource mining can seriously affect ecological balance and sustainable development at the regional scale.Ecological risk assessment in mining areas is essential to ecological restoration management.In this study,from the perspective of source-risk,characterization-risk,receptor-ecological risk,the causal chain of ecological risk in the mining area was developed,and the comprehensive ecological risk evaluation model was constructed based on hazard degree and sensitivity.Based on the monitoring data and remote sensing data of the Zhunneng open-pit mining area,the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of comprehensive ecological risk were evaluated,the study area was divided into areas with different levels of ecological risk,and the main driving factors in each area were identified,and the ecological risk zoning management and control strategies were pro-posed.Results showed that the high ecological risk areas in the Zhunneng mining area were mainly located in open-pit stopes and unreclaimed dumps,and the risk was mainly from dust pollution,soil erosion,geological disasters,etc.Ecological risk increased following the trend:2000,2010,2015 and 2020,and the Moran'I index of ecological risk showed a positive correlation trend in each year.Based on the method of main governing factors,the ecological risk management and control unit of the mining area were divided into four areas:early warning of risk monitoring area,ecological protection and restoration area,compromise between early warning and protection balance area,and natural adaptation control area.The main influencing factors in the early warning of risk monitoring area were land damage(0.6629)and bare soil index(0.3241),and the main influencing factors in the ecological protection and restoration area were soil erosion(0.6049)and soil erosion(0.4119).Identification of key points of risk management and control in each area is beneficial to the targeted risk management.

关 键 词：露天煤矿 生态风险评价 生态敏感度 生态风险度 地理探测器 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]