中国区域夏季AMDAR资料与ECMWF再分析资料的对比分析  

Comparative analysis of summer ECMWF reanalysis data and AMDAR data in China

作　　者：段云霞[1,2] 李得勤 杨森[2] 崔锦[2] 王月[1] 徐爽 DUAN Yunxia;LI Deqin;YANG Sen;CUI Jin;WANG Yue;XU Shuang(Shenyang Meteorological Bureau,Shenyang 110168,China;Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110166,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳市气象局,沈阳110168 [2]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,沈阳110166

出　　处：《气象科学》2025年第1期136-144,共9页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42275171);辽宁省重点研发资助项目(2020JH2/10300091)。

摘　　要：利用2016—2018年夏季飞机报资料,统计分析我国AMDAR(Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay)资料时空分布特征及与欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)再分析资料间的差异。结果表明:2016—2018年夏季,我国每日AMDAR数据报文量可达5万份,受航班影响,资料地域分布差异大,且具有明显的日变化特征;垂直分布上,起飞和降落及平飞阶段报文量大,占总报文数近60%。通过对质量控制后AMDAR数据分析发现,剔除的数据多为重复数据,主要由0~2 km飞机近地层起降导致。将质量控制后数据与ECMWF再分析资料对比发现,AMDAR资料与ECMWF再分析资料在空间上有很好的一致性。两类资料偏差统计显示,对于AMDAR观测得到的温度较ECMWF再分析数据偏低1~2℃,且偏差随着高度增加。进一步的统计结果显示,二者之间的温度均方根误差8 km以下接近2℃,8 km以上为3℃左右,受风速影响变化不大;而从风向和风速的对比来看,AMDAR观测与ECMWF再分析相比能够较好地符合无偏正态分布,风向均方根误差随高度变化不大,而随着风速的增加减小,当风速大于10 m·s^(-1)时,偏差在21°以下;风速的平均偏差接近于1 m·s^(-1),均方根误差随高度变化不大,但随风速的增大而增加。Using the national aircraft report data in the summer of 2016-2018,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of China s aircraft report and their differences with ECWMF reanalysis data were statistically analyzed.Results show that aircraft report data is a good supplement for high-altitude observations.In the summer of 2016 to 2018,China s daily message can reach 50000.Affected by flights,the geographical distribution varies greatly and has obvious daily variation characteristics.On the vertical distribution,the number of messages during takeoff,landing and level flight stage is large,accounting for nearly 60%of the total number.After the quality control of aircraft report data,it was found that the excluded data are mostly repetitive data,and is mainly caused by takeoffs and landings of 0-2 km aircraft near the ground.Comparing the post-QC control data with ECMMF reanalysis data,there is a good spatial consistency between them.Deviation statistics show that the temperature observed by AMDAR was 1-2℃lower than that of the ECMWF reanalysis data,and the deviation increased with altitude.Further statistical results show that the root mean square error between the two is close to 2℃below 8 km,and about 3℃above 8 km,little change is affected by wind speed.From the comparison of wind direction and wind speed,AMDAR observation can better conform to the unbiased normal distribution compared with ECMWF reanalysis data.The root mean square error of wind direction does not change much with the height,and with the increase of wind speed,when the wind speed is greater than 10 m·s^(-1),the deviation is below 21°.The average deviation of wind speed is close to 1 m·s^(-1),and the root mean square error does not change much with height,but increases with the increase of wind speed.

关 键 词：AMDAR 质量控制 数据质量 资料偏差 

分 类 号：P456.7[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]