南京市局地环境气温效应  

The effect of local environmental temperature in Nanjing

作　　者：林依宁 曾燕 邱新法[1] LIN Yining;ZENG Yan;QIU Xinfa(School of Geographical Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing 210041,China;Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing 210041,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学地理科学学院,南京210044 [2]南京气象科技创新研究院,南京210041 [3]中国气象局交通气象重点开放实验室,南京210041

出　　处：《气象科学》2025年第1期145-154,共10页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：中国气象服务协会气象科技创新平台项目(CMSA2023MC022)。

摘　　要：基于南京市107个区域自动气象站和5个常规气象站2018—2020年逐小时气温资料,以局地气候分区体系为基准,结合天地图遥感影像和台站照片,系统分析了南京市主城区和郊区不同典型局地环境的气温效应强度变化特征。结果表明:背景环境会叠加影响局地环境的气温效应。在城区,地面硬化与建筑的环境背景总体的热岛增温效应会叠合加强局地环境的增温效应,或者缓冲局地环境的降温效应。在郊区,人类活动对自然环境的改变相对较小,因此,其典型局地环境的气温效应规律更符合传统认知。郊区背景下,建筑环境气温效应强度在季节变化上总体表现为增温效应,茂密树木为降温效应,水体在春、夏季为降温效应,秋、冬季为增温效应;在日变化上,建筑环境表现为全天增温效应,茂密树木为降温效应,水体为夜晚增温,白天降温。南京局地环境气温效应强度的极端情况为±8℃,其出现的天气概率最大为晴天,其次为局部降水天气。即:晴天更有利于局地环境气温效应的凸显;其次是局部降水天气,此时降水区与非降水区温差变大,是造成气温场空间差异大的另一个重要原因。Utilizing hourly temperature data from 107 regional automatic weather stations and 5 conventional stations in Nanjing from 2018 to 2020,a comprehensive analysis of the variation characteristics of temperature effect intensity in different typical local environments of the main urban area and suburbs of Nanjing was conducted.This analysis was grounded in the local climate zoning system and augmented by remote sensing images from Tianditu and station photos.The findings reveal that the background environment plays a significant role in influencing the temperature effects of local environments.In urban areas,the combined effects of ground hardening and the built environment s thermal characteristics tend to amplify the warming effect or mitigate the cooling effect of local environments.Conversely,in suburban areas,where human modifications to the natural landscape are less pronounced,the temperature patterns of these environments align more closely with traditional understandings.Within the suburban context,specific environmental features exhibit distinct seasonal and diurnal temperature effects.For instance,the built environment consistently exhibits a warming effect throughout the year,while dense tree provides a cooling effect.Water bodies,on the other hand,tend to cool in spring and summer but warm in autumn and winter,exhibiting diurnal temperature variations.The extreme temperature effect intensity in local environments in Nanjing can reach approximately±8℃.The most probable weather condition for such extreme effects is sunny days,followed by local rainfall events.Sunny weather conditions tend to accentuate the temperature effects of local environments,while during local rainfall,the temperature contrast between rainy and non-rainy areas becomes more pronounced,contributing to significant spatial variations in the temperature field.

关 键 词：气温效应 城市背景环境 局地环境 气象观测资料 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]