某大功率往复压缩机气缸阀孔开裂分析与对策  

Analysis and Measures of Valve Hole Cracking in a High-power Reciprocating Compressor Cylinder

作　　者：王立辉[1] 李纪朋 张勇[1] 唐波[1] 杨家林[1] 张发奎 唐仪军 WANG Li-hui;LI Ji-peng;ZHANG Yong;TANG Bo;YANG Jia-lin;ZHANG Fa-kui;TANG Yi-jun(CNPC,Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla 841000,China;CNPC,Jichai Power Equipment Company Chengdu Compressor Branch,Chengdu 610100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油塔里木油田公司,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]中国石油济柴动力有限公司成都压缩机分公司,四川成都610100

出　　处：《压缩机技术》2025年第1期60-64,共5页Compressor Technology

摘　　要：针对某现场往复压缩机大直径气缸阀孔出现的裂纹,通过气缸和螺纹牙及其螺柱的材质化学成分、金相组织和断面微观分析,以及强度和硬度检测,并基于有限元分析模型的计算分析,以期弄清气缸和螺纹孔产生裂纹的根本原因和提出相应的改进措施。结果表明:该压缩机气缸、活塞杆和活塞的材质分别为耐磨铸铁(HT250)、合金钢和铸铁,其材料的理化性能和强度性能符合标准要求;4个一级压缩缸(左/右斜)排气阀螺栓孔处有12处裂纹属于脆韧性开裂;在螺柱施加了超过600Nm预紧扭矩,导致壁厚较薄的螺孔处局部应力集中,超过了缸体和螺孔材料的抗拉强度,从而导致其脆性开裂。基于失效原因和有限元数值分析结果,提出了在该压缩机气缸螺柱上施加280Nm预紧扭矩,同时增加气阀安装螺纹孔处的壁厚、相邻气阀内壁增加十字筋、增加气阀与阀孔配合间隙的改进措施,实施后改问题再未发生,机组安全平稳连续运行,状况良好。In view of the cracks in the valve hole of a large-diameter cylinder of a reciprocating compressor in a field,the microscopic analysis of the material chemical composition,metallographic structure and section of the cylinder and threaded teeth and their studs,as well as the strength and hardness testing,and the calculation and analysis based on the finite element analysis model,in order to find out the root cause of the cracks in the cylinder and threaded holes and put forward corresponding improvement measures.The results show that the materials of the cylinder,piston rod and piston of compressor are wear-resistant cast iron(HT250),alloy steel and cast iron,respectively,and the physical and chemical properties and strength properties of materials meet the requirements of standard.There are 12 cracks at the bolt holes of the exhaust valves of the 4 first-stage compression cylinders(left/right oblique),which belong to brittle toughness cracking.A preload torque of more than 600Nm was applied to the stud,resulting in a local concentration of stress at the thinner wall hole,which exceeded the tensile strength of the cylinder block and the hole material,resulting in brittle cracking.Based on the failure cause and finite element numerical analysis results,an improvement measure of 280Nm preload torque was applied to the cylinder stud of compressor,and the wall thickness at the threaded hole of the valve was increased,the cross bar was added to the inner wall of the adjacent valve,and the clearance between the valve and the valve hole was increased.After the implementation,the problem of change did not occur again,and the unit operated safely,smoothly and continuously in good condition.

关 键 词：往复压缩机 气缸 裂纹 有限元数值分析 改进措施 

分 类 号：TH457[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]