长白山物种丰富度与物种组成对森林生产力的影响及其随演替的变化  

Impact of species richness and composition on productivity and its changes with forest succession in Changbai Mountains,China

作　　者：袁鹤洋 郝珉辉 何怀江 张春雨[1] 赵秀海[1] YUAN He-Yang;HAO Min-Hui;HE Huai-Jiang;ZHANG Chun-Yu;ZHAO Xiu-Hai(Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences,Changchun 130013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学国家林业和草原局森林经营工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [2]吉林省林业科学研究院,长春130013

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2024年第12期1602-1611,共10页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32371870)。

摘　　要：生物多样性是生态系统功能形成与维持的重要影响因素,但其背后潜在的生态学机制仍存在较大争议。生态位互补效应和生物量比率效应是解释生物多样性与生态系统功能关系的两种主要假说,但在温带森林中生态位互补效应和生物量比率效应对生态系统功能的相对贡献是否随森林演替而变化,以及如何变化目前仍不清楚。该研究以长白山地区处于不同演替阶段的森林为研究对象,分别在次生山杨(Populus davidiana)-白桦(Betula platyphylla)林(演替早期)、次生针阔混交林(演替中期)和原始紫椴(Tilia amurensis)-红松(Pinus koraiensis)林(演替后期)内设置3块面积为5.2 hm^(2)的固定监测样地。基于两期样地调查数据,分别采用物种丰富度和物种组成验证生态位互补效应和生物量比率效应,采用地上生物量和森林生产力作为反映生态系统功能的指标,通过结构方程模型检验生态位互补效应和生物量比率效应对生态系统功能的相对贡献及其随演替的变化。研究显示:物种丰富度与生态系统功能关系随森林演替而变化,演替初期物种丰富度的作用并不显著,而在演替中后期物种丰富度的促进作用逐渐增强,表明随着森林演替生态位互补效应逐渐增强。相比物种丰富度,物种组成在森林演替的各个阶段都显著影响着生态系统功能,表明生物量比率效应在森林演替过程中始终发挥着重要作用。此外,地上生物量也是影响森林生产力的重要因素。该研究揭示了长白山森林生物多样性与生态系统功能关系及其随演替的变化规律,研究结果能够为东北地区退化森林的生态恢复以及生物多样性保护提供一定的科学依据。Aims Biodiversity is an important driver in the formation and maintenance of ecosystem functions,but the underlying ecological mechanisms behind it are still highly controversial.The niche complementarity and mass-ratio effects are two main hypotheses that explain the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function.However,it is still unclear whether the relative contributions of niche complementarity and mass-ratio effects to ecosystem function in temperate forests change with succession.Methods Based on the observations from three forest plots in Changbai Mountains,including a secondary Populus davidiana-Betula platyphylla forest(early successional stage),a secondary needleleaf-broadleaf mixed forest(middle successional stage),and a primary Tilia amurensis-Pinus koraiensisforest(late successional stage),this study estimated how biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships change with forest succession.Aboveground biomass and productivity were used as two indicators reflecting ecosystem function.Species richness and species composition were used to represent the niche complementarity and mass-ratio effects,respectively.The relative contributions of niche complementarity and mass-ratio effects to ecosystem function were tested using structural equation modeling.Important findings The results showed that the relationships between species richness and ecosystem functions change with forest succession.The complementary effect of species richness was not significant in the early stages of succession,but gradually increased in the middle and late stages.Compared with species richness,species composition significantly affected ecosystem functions at all stages of forest succession,indicating that the mass-ratio effect plays an important role during the whole forest succession process.In addition,the results showed that aboveground biomass is also an important factor affecting forest productivity.This study elucidates how the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions change with succession in

关 键 词：物种丰富度 物种组成 地上生物量 森林生产力 森林演替 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]