刑事个人信息调取行为性质重释及其规制路径  

Reinterpretation of the Nature of Criminal Personal Information Retrieval Behavior and Its Regulatory Approach

作　　者：陈恋 Chen Lian(School of Law,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学法学院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2025年第2期26-39,共14页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2022年中国法学会部级法学研究一般课题“刑事案件GPS数据收集的程序规制”[项目编号:CLS(2022)C18]的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为利用信息技术,公民将个人信息披露于个人信息处理者,个人信息处理者掌握了大量个人信息。数据的聚合性与程序的便宜性,使向个人信息处理者调取个人信息成为当前刑事侦查取证的重要侦查手段。但个人信息承载重要的个人权益,传统信息调取行为的任意性定位难以防范侦查权外溢;《个人信息保护法》对侦查机关抽象授权虚化个人信息受保护权;《数据安全法》等对审批程序留白难以规制个人信息调取行为。以上因素打破了刑事诉讼中打击犯罪与人权保障的平衡。立足于我国司法实践与制度基础,借鉴域外立法经验,构建完善的侦查机关调取个人信息刑事程序应当确立分级分类保护个人信息原则;根据调取信息承载的个人权益大小,动态化定位个人信息调取行为性质并明确相应的实施机制;同时将公法确立的“严格的审批程序”具象化。此外,在公法、私法共同保护个人信息权益的时代,应当完善个人信息调取程序的法律衔接。In order to utilize information technology,citizens disclose their personal information to personal information processors,who consequently possess vast amounts of personal information.The aggregation of data and convenience of the procedure have made the retrieval of personal information from personal information processors an important investigative tool in the current criminal investigation and evidence collection.However,since personal information carries important personal rights and interests,the arbitrary nature of traditional information retrieval practices makes it difficult to prevent the overflow of investigation powers.The Personal Information Protection Law provides abstract authorization to investigation organs,potentially weakening the protection of personal information rights.Meanwhile,laws such as the Data Security Law leave approval procedures vague,making it difficult to regulate the process of obtaining personal information.These issues break the balance between crime prevention and protecting human rights protection in criminal proceedings.Based on China’s judicial practice and institutional foundation,drawing on overseas legislative experience,the construction of a perfect criminal procedure for retrieving personal information by investigating authorities should firstly establish the principle of hierarchical and classified protection of personal information.The nature of personal information retrieval behavior should be dynamically defined according to the level of personal rights and interests involved,with corresponding implementation mechanisms clarified.Additionally,the“strict approval procedures”established by public law should be concretized.Finally,in an era where both public and private laws jointly protect personal information rights,coordination of laws in personal information retrieval procedures should be improved.

关 键 词：个人信息 第三方原理 分级保护 强制性侦查措施 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]