公共数据授权运营反垄断的理论回应与规制路径  

Theoretical Response to Anti-Monopoly in Public Data Authorization Operation and Its Regulatory Path

作　　者：韩世鹏 Han Shipeng(Graduate Institute for Taiwan Studies,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian 361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学台湾研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2025年第2期68-79,共12页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2024年国家社会科学基金青年项目“数据产权合理使用制度构建研究”(项目编号:24CFX069);2024年中国版权保护中心版权研究重点课题“生成式人工智能数据训练合理使用规则研究”(项目编号:BQ2024009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于运行结构与政策目的的考量,公共数据授权运营的法律属性应为特许经营,这意味着该制度运行具有明显的行政主导性,容易在授权阶段诱发行政性垄断,并在运营阶段衍生出市场性垄断。作为新兴生产要素,公共数据的本质为“公有物”,结合公共数据“三权分置”的运行结构以及公共数据公益服务的功能定位,公共数据授权运营具有反垄断规制的理论基础。化解公共数据授权运营的垄断风险,应将其准入主体范围拓宽至国有企业、私人企业等在内的多元主体,在准入程序上严格遵守公开、公平与公正原则。同时,重视公平竞争审查机制的作用,在明确审查对象的基础上强化第三方评估主体的参与,进而构建以主体、内容与能力为核心的反垄断监管体系。Based on considerations of operational structure and policy objectives,the legal attribute of public data authorization operation should be classified as a franchise,which implies that the system’s operation has obvious administrative dominance and is prone to inducing administrative monopolies during the authorization stage,and deriving market monopolies during the operation stage.As an emerging production factor,the essence of public data is“public goods”.Combined with the operational structure of the separation of three rights in public data and the functional positioning of public data’s public welfare services,the authorized operation of public data has a theoretical basis for anti-monopoly regulation.Additionally,the role of the fair competition review mechanism should be emphasized.By clarifying the objects of review and strengthening the participation of third-party evaluators,an anti-monopoly regulatory system centered on entities,content,and capabilities can be established.To mitigate the monopoly risk of public data authorization operations,the scope of eligible subjects should be expanded to include diverse subjects such as state-owned enterprises and private enterprises,and the authorization procedures should strictly adhere to the principles of openness,fairness,and impartiality.At the same time,we should attach importance to the role of fair competition review mechanisms,strengthen the participation of third-party evaluation subjects on the basis of clarifying the review objects,and establish an anti-monopoly regulatory system centered on subjects,content,and capabilities.

关 键 词：公共数据授权运营 行政垄断 数据“三权分置” 公有物 公平竞争审查 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]