《民法典》第四百一十六条应命名为动产价款优先权  

Article 416 of the Civil Code Should Be Named“Priority of Movables Price”

作　　者：孟勤国[1] 伍钧宇 Meng Qinguo;Wu Junyu(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2025年第2期121-137,共17页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：《民法典》第四百一十六条新增一项财产担保权利,其内涵与命名关乎担保制度体系的基本定义与分类。动产先货后款对出卖人天然不利,却是现代经济中普遍而重要的交易方式。为此,《民法典》第四百一十六条赋予出卖人对所交付货物的优先受偿权,作为价款的担保。这一权利汲取了域外法保护出卖人价款的理念与经验,但其内涵和功能具有鲜明的中国特色与现代特色,因此不宜直接使用域外法名词或学理名词命名。这一权利应当命名为“动产价款优先权”,“动产”指代权利的客体,“价款”指代权利所担保的债权,“优先权”明确权利的性质与归属。动产价款优先权可以准确表达这一权利的中国特质,科学回应优先权体系化的时代要求,是最为恰当的概念。Article 416 of the Civil Code introduces a new property security right,the connotation and naming of which are crucial to the fundamental definition and classification of the security system.While delivering movables before payment is inherently disadvantageous for sellers,it remains a common and vital transaction method in the modern economy.To address this,Article 416 of the Civil Code grants sellers a priority right to payment for delivered goods as a price guarantee.This right draws on the concepts and experiences of foreign laws in protecting sellers’payment rights,but its connotation and functions possess distinct Chinese characteristics and modern features,making it unsuitable to name directly using foreign legal terms or theoretical nomenclature.This right should be named the“Priority of Movables Price”,where“movables”refers to the object of the right,“price”refers to the debt secured by the right,and“priority”clarifies the nature and classification of the right.The term“Priority of Movables Price”accurately expresses the Chinese characteristics of this right and scientifically responds to the contemporary demand for the systematization of priority rights,making it the most appropriate concept.

关 键 词：动产 先货后款 价款优先权 权利名词 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]