第三次分配中慈善信托公私法益的融贯路径  

The Path of Integrating Public and Private Legal Interests in Charitable Trusts within Tertiary Distribution

作　　者：刘汉广 冯果[1] Liu Hanguang;Feng Guo(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2025年第2期138-151,共14页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国资本市场制度型开放的法律体系构建研究”(项目编号:22&ZD204)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：第三次分配未能充分激发慈善信托的制度潜力,根源在于现行绝对慈善性原则的僵化适用和公私益冲突协调机制不足。实现第三次分配的制度优化,应当平衡公私法益的关系。第一,明确“公益优先性”原则,区分慈善和非慈善份额,通过法律保障慈善份额的优先地位,并确保信托财产的超额收益归入慈善份额;第二,针对我国双受托人模式,要求慈善组织和信托公司分别承担慈善性信义义务和传统信义义务,在立法中细化投资策略限制,避免高风险操作损害慈善利益;第三,强化监管与责任机制,明确信托终止条件与归责规范,要求设立“准备金”以覆盖信托失败的成本,并使违反信义义务者承担赔偿责任。Tertiary distribution has failed to fully unleash the institutional potential of charitable trusts,primarily due to the rigid application of the current absolute charitable principle and the lack of mechanisms to reconcile conflicts between public and private interests.To optimize the institutional framework of tertiary distribution,it is necessary to balance the relationship between public and private legal interests.First,the principle of“public interest priority”should be clearly established,distinguishing between charitable and non-charitable shares,legally ensuring the priority of charitable shares,with any excess returns from trust assets allocated to the charitable portion.Second,in light of China’s dual-trustee model,charitable organizations and trust companies should be required to separately assume charitable fiduciary duties and traditional fiduciary duties,while legislative measures should refine restrictions on investment strategies to prevent high-risk operations from harming charitable interests.Third,strengthening regulatory and accountability mechanisms by defining trust termination conditions and liability norms,establishing a“reserve fund”to cover the costs of trust failures,and holding violators of fiduciary duties liable for damages.

关 键 词：第三次分配 慈善法 分割利益信托 公益优先性 绝对慈善性 

分 类 号：D922.291.92[政治法律—经济法学]