中国视域下双层区分制犯罪参与体系之证成  

The Justification of Dual-tier Differentiation System in Criminal Participation From Chinese Perspective

作　　者：汪雪城 Wang Xuecheng(School of Law,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2025年第2期152-166,共15页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2020年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“行为人刑法理论在定罪中的再生与限制研究”(项目编号:20YJA820002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：经类型比较,单一制以统一正犯概念为基础,消解正犯共犯异质性,舍弃共犯从属性,致使刑事处罚范围过于扩张;传统区分制不当地视正犯为定罪量刑核心,导致正犯认定实质化、主犯化,与限制正犯概念渐行渐远,而且在解释上同主从犯立法相龃龉。我国《刑法》采用双层区分制的立场,以第二十五条为依据区分正犯与共犯,以第二十六条至第二十八条为依据区分主犯与从犯,可以合理解决共同犯罪的定罪量刑问题。此种立法首先以共动二重性理论为依据,将定罪、量刑予以双轨评价,再以限制正犯概念与分工分类法解决参与形态问题,以罪刑均衡原则与作用分类法解决参与程度问题。双层区分制兼具单一制与传统区分制的优点而克服二者缺陷,十分契合我国立法,更宜作为中国特色的犯罪参与体系而加以提倡。Through the comparison of types,it is evident that the unitary system,based on the concept of unified perpetrators,dissolves the heterogeneity between principal offenders and accomplices and abandons the subordination of accomplices,leading to an excessive expansion of the scope of criminal punishment.The traditional differentiated system inappropriately regards the perpetrator as the core of conviction and sentencing,resulting in the substantive and principal-oriented identification of perpetrator,which not only increasingly deviates from the concept of restricting perpetrator,but also conflicts with the legislative framework of principal and accessory offenders in interpretation.China’s Criminal Law adopts a dual-tier differentiation system,distinguishing between perpetrator and accomplices based on Article 25,and between principal and accessory offenders based on Articles 26 to 28,which can reasonably resolve the issues of conviction and sentencing in joint crimes.This legislation approach,based on the theory of duality of criminal participation,evaluates conviction and sentencing in two ways,then solves the problem of participation form with the concept of restricting perpetrator and action-division classification,and solves the problem of participation degree with the principle of balance between crime and penalty and function classification.The dual-tier differentiation system combines the advantages of both the unitary system and traditional differentiation system while overcoming their shortcomings.It is highly compatible with Chinese legislation and is more suitable to be advocated as a criminal participation system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：犯罪参与体系 双层区分制 正犯 主犯 共同犯罪 

分 类 号：D924.11[政治法律—刑法学]